As a measure of insulin sensitivity, the mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) is a simple technique that can provide robust results. The assay consists of examining plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide prior to and following the consumption of a test meal. While this procedure has been used in clinical research for several years, there is no set standard protocol, and only until recently has the reliability of this assay been thoroughly evaluated in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes subjects. Interestingly, the results from this recent study demonstrated stronger MMTT reliability for the prediabetes and diabetes cohorts compared to obese controls. This finding suggests that the obese control group may have more inherent variability in glucose response during a meal challenge likely due to compensatory influences typically observed in non-diabetic insulin-resistant subjects. Furthermore, this study raises the question whether the MMTT assay is reliable in a non-obese cohort. Therefore, to promote the standardization of this technique and contribute to the band of insulin sensitive populations, we employed the same methodology and test meal as the reference study to evaluate the MMTT reliability in healthy and overweight men. Indeed, the interclass coefficient revealed high glucose response repeatability during the MMTT in insulin-sensitive men. Overall, the MMTT is a reliable test across a range of insulin sensitivity including healthy men. However, we propose further investigation may be required to fully define the utility of this methodology in obese non-diabetic insulin-resistant populations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40200-016-0279-x | DOI Listing |
Iran J Basic Med Sci
January 2025
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of metabolic abnormalities and anthropometric factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. As the search for effective treatments intensifies, attention has turned towards natural substances with potential medicinal benefits. Among them, vanillic acid, a phenolic acid present in many plants, has attracted some attention due to its wide range of biological activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
February 2025
College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001 China; School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001 China. Electronic address:
Globally, diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications are considered among the most significant public health problems. According to numerous scientific studies, Plants and their bioactive compounds may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress (OS), leading to a reduction in the progression of DM. Moringa oleifera (MO), widely used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine for centuries because of its health-promoting characteristics, particularly its ability to control DM and its related complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Endocr Disord
January 2025
Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518035, China.
Background And Objective: While the connection between the Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC) index and the risk of diabetes remains understudied, this particular research delves into the potential predictive value of the TyG-WC index within a significant Japanese population.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study encompassed a comprehensive analysis of 15,413 Japanese adults, all of whom were diabetes-free at the outset of the study period from 2004 to 2015. Comprehensive medical records were obtained for all participants who underwent physical examinations.
J Mol Cell Biol
January 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
Insulin secretion is mainly regulated by two electrophysiological events, depolarization initiated by the closure of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels and repolarization mediated by K+ efflux. Quinine, a natural component commonly used for the treatment of malaria, has been reported to directly stimulate insulin release and lead to hypoglycemia in patients during treatment through inhibiting KATP channels. In this study, we verified the insulinotropic effect of quinine on the isolated mouse pancreatic islets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlacenta
January 2025
Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Dept Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:
Hypothesis: Declines in insulin sensitivity during pregnancy important for fetal growth are associated with impairments in skeletal muscle post-receptor insulin signaling. The primary initiator of these changes is unknown but believed to originate in the placenta. We hypothesize that placental miRNAs are associated with maternal sensitivity changes and impact insulin-sensitive mechanisms in target tissues in vitro.
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