Microarray analysis of long noncoding RNA and mRNA expression profiles in human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Macrophages play a crucial role in the control and elimination of invading Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and also serve as the major residence for Mtb. However, the interaction between macrophages and Mtb remains to be clearly determined. Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in many biological processes, their roles in anti-mycobacterial responses of macrophages remain to be elucidated. Here, we applied microarray analysis to examine lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in human primary macrophages after 72 h of infection with H37Ra or H37Rv. Our results revealed that many lncRNAs were differentially expressed in macrophages after H37Ra or H37Rv infection, indicating a possible role for lncRNAs in immune responses induced by Mtb infection and providing important cues for further functional studies. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway analysis of the differentially expressed mRNAs showed the potential functions and pathways related to the pathogenesis of Mtb infection. Finally, two lncRNAs, MIR3945HG V1 and MIR3945HG V2, were identified as novel candidate diagnostic markers for tuberculosis. Our results provide novel insight into the mechanisms of the pivotal Mtb-macrophage interactions, and reveal potential targets for diagnostics and the treatment of tuberculosis.