Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
One of the most challenging aspects of using nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) for membranes production is their limited permeance. When NFC membranes are produced from aqueous suspensions, depending on their grammage, the permeances are in the range of a few decades of L/(hmMPa) not matching satisfactory filtration times. We present a fast and sustainable solution to increase the permeances of such membranes through a combination of solvent exchange of the NFC suspension with ethanol and the use of a removable template, a mixture of calcium compounds (CC). The effect of the CC/NFC ratio was screened for various concentrations. The permeance of water could be increased by as much as 2-3 times as compared to nontemplated membranes. Further, the membranes showed the ability for penetration of water-soluble macromolecules, contaminant rejection of suspended solid particles, and thus fluids (such as orange juice) could be concentrated, with a view to applications in food industry.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b12107 | DOI Listing |
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