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Phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) Controls Osteoclast Numbers via Colony-stimulating Factor 1 (CSF-1)-dependent Diacylglycerol/β-Catenin/CyclinD1 Pathway. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • PLCγ1 and PLCγ2 are enzymes involved in cellular processes by producing important signaling molecules, but PLCγ1 does not compensate for the absence of PLCγ2 in osteoclast differentiation.
  • Previous research highlighted PLCγ2's role in osteoclasts but showed that specific deletion of PLCγ1 led to reduced osteoclast differentiation by affecting cell proliferation and signaling.
  • The study reveals that PLCγ1 regulates osteoclast numbers through a specific pathway involving colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), diacylglycerol (DAG), and β-catenin/cyclinD1, highlighting its distinct function from PLCγ2.

Article Abstract

Phospholipases Cγ (PLCγ) 1 and 2 are a class of highly homologous enzymes modulating a variety of cellular pathways through production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol (DAG). Our previous studies demonstrated the importance of PLCγ2 in osteoclast (OC) differentiation by modulating inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated calcium oscillations and the up-regulation of the transcription factor NFATc1. Surprisingly, despite being expressed throughout osteoclastogenesis, PLCγ1 did not compensate for PLCγ2 deficiency. Because both isoforms are activated during osteoclastogenesis, it is plausible that PLCγ1 modulates OC development independently of PLCγ2. Here, we utilized PLCγ1-specific shRNAs to delete PLCγ1 in OC precursors derived from wild type (WT) mice. Differently from PLCγ2, we found that PLCγ1 shRNA significantly suppresses OC differentiation by limiting colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1)-dependent proliferation and β-catenin/cyclinD1 levels. Confirming the specificity toward CSF-1 signaling, PLCγ1 is recruited to the CSF-1 receptor following exposure to the cytokine. To understand how PLCγ1 controls cell proliferation, we turned to its downstream effector, DAG. By utilizing cells lacking the DAG kinase ζ, which have increased DAG levels, we demonstrate that DAG modulates CSF-1-dependent proliferation and β-catenin/cyclinD1 levels in OC precursors. Most importantly, the proliferation and osteoclastogenesis defects observed in the absence of PLCγ1 are normalized in PLCγ1/DAG kinase ζ double null cells. Taken together, our study shows that PLCγ1 controls OC numbers via a CSF-1-dependent DAG/β-catenin/cyclinD1 pathway.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5270464PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M116.764928DOI Listing

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