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Pegylated and nanoparticle-conjugated sulfonium salt photo triggers necrotic cell death. | LitMetric

Pegylated and nanoparticle-conjugated sulfonium salt photo triggers necrotic cell death.

Int J Nanomedicine

Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, USA.

Published: February 2017

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) processes involving the production of singlet oxygen face the issue of oxygen concentration dependency. Despite high oxygen delivery, a variety of properties related to metabolism and vascular morphology in cancer cells result in hypoxic environments, resulting in limited effectiveness of such therapies. An alternative oxygen-independent agent whose cell cytotoxicity can be remotely controlled by light may allow access to treatment of hypoxic tumors. Toward that end, we developed and tested both polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized and hydrophilic silica nanoparticle (SiNP)-enriched photoacid generator (PAG) as a nontraditional PDT agent to effectively induce necrotic cell death in HCT-116 cells. Already known for applications in lithography and cationic polymerization, our developed oxygen-independent PDT, whether free or highly monodispersed on SiNPs, generates acid when a one-photon (1P) or two-photon (2P) excitation source is used, thus potentially permitting deep tissue treatment. Our study shows that when conjugated to SiNPs with protruding amine functionalities (SiNP-PAG9), such atypical PDT agents can be effectively delivered into HCT-116 cells and compartmentalize exclusively in lysosomes and endosomes. Loss of cell adhesion and cell swelling are detected when an excitation source is applied, suggesting that SiNP-PAG9, when excited via near-infrared 2P absorption (a subject of future investigation), can be used as a delivery system to selectively induce cell death in oxygen-deprived optically thick tissue.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5125768PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S113292DOI Listing

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