Discriminating safety from danger must be accurate and rapid. Yet, the rapidity with which fear discrimination emerges remains unknown. Rapid fear discrimination in adulthood may be susceptible to impairment by adolescent heavy alcohol drinking, which increases incidence of anxiety disorders. Rats were given voluntary, adolescent alcohol access, and heavy drinkers were identified. In adulthood, rapid fear discrimination of safety, uncertainty, and danger cues was assessed. Normal rats, but not heavy drinkers, showed discriminative fear <1 sec following cue onset. This provides the first demonstration of subsecond fear discrimination and its adult impairment in adolescent heavy alcohol drinkers.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.043257.116 | DOI Listing |
Harm Reduct J
December 2024
Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Background And Aim: Considering opioid use disorder (OUD) as one of the major global concerns, methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been documented the core treatment for such dependence in the affected individuals. With regard to the significant role of quality of life (QoL) in evaluating the outcomes of various treatment methods in this line, the present study was to explore perceived QoL in long-term methadone-dependent patients (MDPs).
Materials And Methods: Applying a qualitative research design, this study was performed on 25 long-term MDPs, selected by purposive sampling with maximum variation.
BMC Infect Dis
December 2024
HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Background: The uptake of HIV partner status notification remains limited in low- and lower-middle-income countries. This mixed-methods systematic review aims to summarize the barriers and facilitators of HIV partner status notification in these settings.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 01, 2000, to August 31, 2023, for empirical qualitative and quantitative studies.
JMIR Form Res
December 2024
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit in Older People and Frailty / Healthy Ageing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022 prompted governments worldwide to enforce lockdowns and social restrictions, alongside the rapid adoption of digital health and care services. However, there are concerns about the potential exclusion of older adults, who face barriers to digital inclusion, such as age, socioeconomic status, literacy level, and ethnicity.
Objective: This study aims to explore the experiences of older adults from the 3 largest minoritized ethnic groups in England and Wales-people of South Asian, Black African, and Caribbean backgrounds-in the use of digitalized primary care services since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
BMC Glob Public Health
July 2024
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 321 S Columbia St., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Background: In Malawi, approximately 25% of adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) also suffer from depression. Not only is HIV stigma a major contributor to depression but it also adversely impacts HIV care engagement. ALWH can experience HIV stigma as stereotyping, social exclusion, low social support, and abuse, and these experiences are associated with poor mental health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Law Med Ethics
December 2024
DUKE UNIVERSITY, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA, USA.
As increasing proportions of our global population age, transgender people are experiencing higher rates of dementia, and many are afraid to enter long-term care. Structural interventions such as advance directives may help mitigate fears around entering long-term care by managing specific anxieties that transgender people may have about dementia, loss of decision-making capacity, and discrimination in long-term care settings.
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