For the first time, a classification system for organic gunshot residue (OGSR) compounds with respect to the confirmation of OGSR materials is presented. There are 136 compounds considered to be associated with OGSR that have been highlighted in the literature. Many of these compounds could be classified as being ubiquitous in the environment and thus their detection as characteristic components of OGSR could cause issues with the interpretation of chemical ballistic evidence. The proposed system aims to address this problem by classifying OGSR compounds based on their forensic relevance with respect to the confirmation of GSR materials. To increase the forensic relevance of such a system, the large number of OGSR compounds reported in the literature has been decreased to 20 OGSR compounds based on the organic chemical composition of over 200 propellant powders. Occupational and environmental materials also associated with OGSR compounds have been considered.
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Organic and inorganic gunshot residues on the hands, forearms, face, and nostrils of shooters 30 min after a discharge.
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Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address:
During the investigation of firearm-related incidents, gunshot residues (GSR) can be collected on the scene and individuals (e.g., shooters or bystanders).
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Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland.
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University of Teramo, Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, Teramo, Italy.
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Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. Electronic address:
The analysis of gunshot residues (GSR) can provide important information with regard to the involvement of a person of interest (POI) in a firearm-related incident. Organic gunshot residues (OGSR) have been investigated in order to provide additional and complementary information to the traditional inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR) particles detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Currently, many procedures and analytical methods have been developed to detect OGSR-related compounds collected from the shooter's hands.
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College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address:
Gunshot residue (GSR) is a valuable form of forensic trace evidence in the investigation of firearms crime. The current gold-standard approach does not include the analysis of organic components of the residues, which may be a deficiency, particularly in cases where there is little to no inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR) present or its attribution to a firearm source is ambiguous. A solvent extraction method was used for the extraction of organic GSR (OGSR) from the most common sampling device used to collect IGSR (i.
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