Incommensurate density modulation in a Na-rich plagioclase feldspar: Z-contrast imaging and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study.

Plagioclase feldspars are the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust. Intermediate plagioclase feldspars commonly display incommensurately modulated or aperiodic structures. Z-contrast images show both Ca-Na ordering and density modulation. The local structure of lamellae domains has I1-like symmetry. The neighboring lamellae domains are in an inversion twinning relationship. With a state-of-the-art X-ray diffraction unit, second-order satellite reflections (f-reflections) are observed for the first time in andesine (An), a Na-rich e-plagioclase. The f-reflections indicate a structure with a density modulation which is close to a Ca-rich e-plagioclase. The similarity between this e-andesine structure and previously solved e-labradorite structure is confirmed. Refinement of the structure shows density modulation of ∼ 7 mol % in compositional variation of the anorthite (An) component. The results from Z-contrast imaging and low-temperature single X-ray diffraction (XRD) provide a structure consistent with density modulation. The discovery of f-reflections in Na-rich e-plagioclase extends the composition range of e1 structure with density modulation to as low as at least An, which is the lower end of the composition range of Bøggild intergrowth. The new result supports the loop-shaped solvus for Bøggild intergrowth, below which is a homogenous stable area for e1 structure in the phase diagram. The phase transition between e2 structure without density modulation and e1 structure with density modulation should happen at low temperature. There is a change in modulation period accompanying the phase transition, as well as higher occupancy of Al in the To site. The andesine with density modulation also indicates extremely slow cooling of its host rock.