Electron density profiles of versatile experiment spherical torus plasmas are measured by using a hydrogen line intensity ratio method. A fast-frame visible camera with appropriate bandpass filters is used to detect images of Balmer line intensities. The unique optical system makes it possible to take images of H and H radiation simultaneously, with only one camera. The frame rate is 1000 fps and the spatial resolution of the system is about 0.5 cm. One-dimensional local emissivity profiles have been obtained from the toroidal line of sight with viewing dumps. An initial result for the electron density profile is presented and is in reasonable agreement with values measured by a triple Langmuir probe.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4960535 | DOI Listing |
Nat Commun
December 2024
Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
Extending ferroelectric materials to two-dimensional limit provides versatile applications for the development of next-generation nonvolatile devices. Conventional ferroelectricity requires materials consisting of at least two constituent elements associated with polar crystalline structures. Monolayer graphene as an elementary two-dimensional material unlikely exhibits ferroelectric order due to its highly centrosymmetric hexagonal lattices.
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December 2024
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction offers a sustainable and efficient pathway for ammonia synthesis. Maintaining satisfactory Faradaic efficiency for long-term nitrate reduction under ampere-level current density remains challenging due to the inevitable hydrogen evolution, particularly in pure nitrate solutions. Herein, we present the application of electron deficiency of Ru metals to boost the repelling effect of counter K ions via the electric-field-dependent synergy of interfacial water and cations, and thus largely promote nitrate reduction reaction with a high yield and well-maintained Faradaic efficiency under ampere-level current density.
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December 2024
Condensed Matter Theory Group, School of Studies in Physics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474 011, India.
This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the intrinsic properties of RNiP (where R = Sm, Eu) filled skutterudite, employing the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within density functional theory (DFT) simulations using the WIEN2k framework. Structural, phonon stability, mechanical, electronic, magnetic, transport, thermal, and optical properties are thoroughly explored to provide a holistic understanding of these materials. Initially, the structural stability of SmNiP and EuNiP is rigorously evaluated through ground-state energy calculations obtained from structural optimizations, revealing a preference for a stable ferromagnetic phase over competing antiferromagnetic and non-magnetic phases.
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December 2024
Advanced Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
The present study demonstrates the synthesis of compact ZnO layers using CdS sensitized on ZnO as a photoanode with copper sulfide (CuS) and carbon as a counter electrode (CE). In this study, a compact ZnO layer was fabricated using the simple and low-cost successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method, and CuS CE films were synthesized using the chemical bath deposition method. Various characterizations, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirmed the formation of ZnO and CdS sensitizations on the ZnO .
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December 2024
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Polar topologies, such as vortex and skyrmion, have attracted significant interest due to their unique physical properties and promising applications in high-density memory devices. To date, all known polar vortices are present in or induced by ferroelectric materials. In this study, we find polar vortex arrays in paraelectric SrTiO.
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