A new array of B-dot probes was installed on ASDEX Upgrade. The purpose of the new diagnostic is to study Ion Cyclotron Range-off Frequencies (ICRF) wave field distributions in the evanescent scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma region on the low field side of ASDEX Upgrade. The vacuum measurements (no gas, B = 0 T) reveal ICRF wave field measurements consistent with the profiles expected from the newly installed 3-strap ICRF antennas outside the antenna box: the shape of the toroidal distribution of both the amplitude and the phase is the same for the case of only the central straps being active, as for the case of only the side straps being active. These profiles become strongly modified during plasma operations. The modifications can be separated into two types: "Inter-edge localized mode (ELM)" and "During-ELM" periods. The phase distribution of the ICRF wave fields remains well-defined during the Inter-ELM period; however, it becomes more spread out over the entire 360° range during ELMs. The observed modulations cannot be explained by the observed changes in the ICRF power, as monitored in the transmission line. However, they are consistent with ICRF coupling changes introduced by plasma filaments: the plasma density perturbations due to the filaments are high enough to change the nature of the fast ICRF wave field from evanescent to propagating. The coverage of the present diagnostic is being expanded to include both the low field side and the high field side probes. Additionally, a manipulator probe head is being developed to measure ICRF wave field radial profiles across the SOL region.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4960148 | DOI Listing |
J Am Coll Cardiol
July 2024
Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Background: Placebo-controlled evidence from ORBITA-2 (Objective Randomised Blinded Investigation with Optimal Medical Therapy of Angioplasty in Stable Angina-2) found that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in stable coronary artery disease with little or no antianginal medication relieved angina, but residual symptoms persisted in many patients. The reason for this was unclear.
Objectives: This ORBITA-2 secondary analysis investigates the relationship between presenting symptoms and disease severity (anatomic, noninvasive, and invasive ischemia) and the ability of symptoms to predict the placebo-controlled efficacy of PCI.
J Am Coll Cardiol
July 2024
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Background: In stable coronary artery disease, 30% to 60% of patients remain symptomatic despite successful revascularization. Perhaps not all symptoms reported by a patient with myocardial ischemia are, in fact, angina.
Objectives: This study sought to determine whether independent symptom verification using a placebo-controlled ischemic stimulus could distinguish which patients achieve greatest symptom relief from percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
N Engl J Med
December 2023
From Imperial College London (C.A.R., M.J.F., F.A.-J., F.A.S., S.G., R.K., R.P., G.D.C., J.P.H., D.P.F., M.J.S.-S., R.K.A.-L.), Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (C.A.R., M.J.F., F.A.-J., F.A.S., S.S.N., S.G., R.K., R.P., S.S., G.D.C., J.P.H., D.P.F., M.J.S.-S., R.K.A.-L.), Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust (A.N.N., A.S.), Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust (T. Kotecha), St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (R.W., J.C.S.), St. George's University of London (J.C.S.), Queen Mary University of London (D.J.C., A.S.), and Barts Health NHS Trust (A.S.), London, Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon (J.R.D., R.G., G.C., J.N.D., T.R.K.), Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford (J.R.D., G.C., T.R.K.), University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole (P.D.O., J.D.), Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth (P.H.), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester (H.R., L.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Southampton, Southampton (N.C.), Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading (N.R.), Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury (M.S.), Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff (T. Kinnaird), Keele University, Keele (T. Kinnaird), Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Amersham (R.P.), and West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford (J.S.) - all in the United Kingdom.
Cardiol Clin
February 2024
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Du Cane Road, London, W120HS, UK; Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
Percutaneous coronary intervention is increasingly guided by coronary physiology and optimized using intravascular imaging. Pressure-based measurements determine the significance of a stenosis using hyperemic or nonhyperemic pressure ratios (eg, the instantaneous wave-free ratio). Intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography provide cross-sectional and longitudinal detail regarding plaque composition and vessel characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJACC Cardiovasc Imaging
December 2023
Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Background: The clinical value of high-risk coronary plaque characteristics (CPCs) to inform intensified medical therapy or revascularization of non-flow-limiting lesions remains uncertain.
Objectives: The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the prognostic impact of CPCs on patient-level and lesion-level major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE).
Methods: Thirty studies (21 retrospective, 9 prospective) with 30,369 patients evaluating the association of CPCs with MACE were included.
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