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Effects of sample size and distributional assumptions on competing models of the factor structure of the PANSS and BPRS. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Factor analytic studies on the PANSS and BPRS have produced inconsistent findings, prompting an investigation into the reasons for these discrepancies.
  • The research identified that prior studies suffered from small sample sizes and the faulty assumption that item responses were normally distributed, when in reality they are highly skewed ordinal data.
  • Using simulations, the study found that incorrect normality assumptions resulted in biased outcomes, particularly in smaller samples, whereas collapsing rarely endorsed response categories had minimal impact.

Article Abstract

Factor analytic work on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) has yielded varied and conflicting results. The current study explored potential causes of these discrepancies. Prior research has been limited by small sample sizes and an incorrect assumption that the items are normally distributed when in practice responses are highly skewed ordinal variables. Using simulation methodology, we examined the effects of sample size, (in)correctly specifying item distributions, collapsing rarely endorsed response categories, and four factor analytic models. The first is the model of Van Dorn et al., developed using a large integrated data set, specified the item distributions as multinomial, and used cross-validation. The remaining models were developed specifying item distributions as normal: the commonly used pentagonal model of White et al.; the model of Van der Gaag et al. developed using extensive cross-validation methods; and the model of Shafer developed through meta-analysis. Our simulation results indicated that incorrectly assuming normality led to biases in model fit and factor structure, especially for small sample size. Collapsing rarely used response options had negligible effects.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5457343PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1549DOI Listing

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