Newcastle disease (ND) is a big concern throughout the world because of the devastating losses that can occur with commercial and backyard poultry. The major problem in many countries is the loss of the vaccine's effectiveness due to inadequate use or storage conditions, particularly in hot climates. In the present study, stability of the five, most-used NDV vaccine strains (I-2, LaSota, B1, Clone 30 [C30], and VG-GA) was tested comparatively at different storage temperatures (4 and 37 C for the freeze-dried form and 4, 24, 37, and 45 C for the freeze-dried vaccine reconstituted in diluents). The vaccine stability was evaluated by the cumulative infectious titer drop and the theoretical shelf life at particular temperatures. Results showed that I-2 and LaSota are the most stable vaccine strains compared to B1, C30, and VG-GA; they registered the lowest titer drops and the longest shelf life whether at cool, high, or room temperatures and for both freeze-dried and reconstituted vaccines.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/11426-042116-Reg.1 | DOI Listing |
Viruses
January 2025
Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
This study aimed to create a new recombinant virus by modifying the EV-A71 capsid protein, serving as a useful tool and model for studying human Enteroviruses. We developed a new screening method using EV-A71 pseudovirus particles to systematically identify suitable insertion sites and tag types in the VP1 capsid protein. The pseudovirus's infectivity and replication can be assessed by measuring postinfection luciferase signals.
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December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Background: Marek's disease (MD) is a pathology affecting chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), an acute transforming alphaherpesvirus of the genus . MD is characterized by paralysis, immune suppression, and the rapid formation of T-cell (primarily CD4+) lymphomas. Over the last 50 years, losses due to MDV infection have been controlled worldwide through vaccination; however, these live-attenuated vaccines are non-sterilizing and potentially contributed to the virulence evolution of MDV field strains.
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December 2024
School of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Canids act as a crucial intermediary in the transmission of rabies and , serving as co-infection hosts and pathogen carriers for both rabies and hydatid disease (HD) transmitted from animals to humans. Therefore, an effective and efficient bivalent oral vaccine for preventing HD and rabies is urgently required to reduce economic losses in husbandry resulting from rabies and HD. In this study, a full-length plasmid (pcDNA4-NPM+G+EgM123+eGFP+L) carrying the gene and fluorescence reporter genes of eGFP and four auxiliary transfection plasmids of rabies virus SRV (pcDNA4-N, pcDNA4-P, pcDNA4-G, pcDNA-L) were established by reverse genetics approaches and co-transfected to BSR cells by electrotransfection.
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December 2024
School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
Bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) are vector-borne orbiviruses that pose an emerging threat to livestock, including cattle and sheep. This review summarizes the global distribution, genetic diversity, and key factors driving their spread along with the existing knowledge gaps and recommendations to mitigate their impact. Both viruses cause hemorrhagic disease in susceptible ruminants and are commonly reported in tropical and subtropical regions including North America, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and some parts of Europe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular surveillance of FMD epidemiology is a fundamental tool for advancing our understanding of virus biology, monitoring virus evolution, and guiding vaccine design. The accessibility of genetic data will facilitate a more comprehensive delineation of FMDV phylogeny on a global scale. In this study, we investigated the FMDV strains circulating in Russia during the 2013-2014 period in geographically distant regions utilizing whole genome sequencing followed by maximum-likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction of whole genome and VP1 gene sequences.
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