Autonomic functioning, as measured by baseline heart rates during daytime (DHR) and during sleep (SLHR), was examined in 28 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 13 patients with panic disorder (PD), 28 patients with MDD and coexisting PD (MDD + PD), and 19 controls. DHR and SLHR in patients with PD or MDD did not differ from normals. Only the MDD + PD group showed significantly higher heart rates than controls. This pattern of results suggests a combined effect of MDD and PD, providing psychophysiological support for clinical findings of poorer prognosis in this group.
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