Vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression in myelodysplastic syndrome bone marrow cells: biological and clinical implications.

In myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may have regulatory effects on the hematopoietic system and contribute to disease progression. We analyzed by immunocytochemistry VEGF expression in bone marrow (BM) cells from 188 patients with MDS and 96 non-hemopathic subjects. We also measured VEGF BM plasma levels and in vitro VEGF release. Our aims were to evaluate whether VEGF expression abnormalities were associated with relevant laboratory or clinical findings and their possible prognostic value. In MDS, VEGF expression was higher than in controls (p < .0001) and VEGF release was significantly higher in the low-risk cases. A trend to a positive correlation between VEGF myeloid expression and apoptotic rate was observed. High myeloid VEGF levels were independently associated with longer overall survival (p < .0001) and progression-free survival (p = .0002). Our findings suggest that, in MDS, VEGF production and release may contribute to ineffective hematopoiesis, with a potential prognostic role.