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Fecal microbiota manipulation prevents dysbiosis and alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major health issue linked to liver failure, influenced by the gut microbiota's role in individual susceptibility to the disease.
  • In a study with mice, researchers compared two strategies—fecal microbiota transplantation and prebiotic pectin treatment—to reverse gut dysbiosis and prevent liver damage from alcohol consumption.
  • Both approaches successfully modified the gut microbiota in alcohol-sensitive mice, protecting against liver inflammation and steatosis, suggesting that targeting the gut microbiota could be an effective therapeutic approach for ALD.

Article Abstract

Background & Aims: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver failure and mortality. In humans, severe alcoholic hepatitis is associated with key changes to intestinal microbiota (IM), which influences individual sensitivity to develop advanced ALD. We used the different susceptibility to ALD observed in two distinct animal facilities to test the efficiency of two complementary strategies (fecal microbiota transplantation and prebiotic treatment) to reverse dysbiosis and prevent ALD.

Methods: Mice were fed alcohol in two distinct animal facilities with a Lieber DeCarli diet. Fecal microbiota transplantation was performed with fresh feces from alcohol-resistant donor mice to alcohol-sensitive receiver mice three times a week. Another group of mice received pectin during the entire alcohol consumption period.

Results: Ethanol induced steatosis and liver inflammation, which were associated with disruption of gut homeostasis, in alcohol-sensitive, but not alcohol resistant mice. IM analysis showed that the proportion of Bacteroides was specifically lower in alcohol-sensitive mice (p<0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed that the IM of sensitive and resistant mice clustered differently. We targeted IM using two different strategies to prevent alcohol-induced liver lesions: (1) pectin treatment which induced major modifications of the IM, (2) fecal microbiota transplantation which resulted in an IM very close to that of resistant donor mice in the sensitive recipient mice. Both methods prevented steatosis, liver inflammation, and restored gut homeostasis.

Conclusions: Manipulation of IM can prevent alcohol-induced liver injury. The IM should be considered as a new therapeutic target in ALD.

Lay Summary: Sensitivity to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is driven by intestinal microbiota in alcohol fed mice. Treatment of mice with alcohol-induced liver lesions by fecal transplant from alcohol fed mice resistant to ALD or with prebiotic (pectin) prevents ALD. These findings open new possibilities for treatment of human ALD through intestinal microbiota manipulation.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.008DOI Listing

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