Temperature is a critical environmental factor that affects microalgal growth. However, microalgal coping mechanisms for temperature variations are unclear. Here, we determined changes in transcriptome, total carbohydrate, total fatty acid methyl ester, and fatty acid composition of Tetraselmis sp. KCTC12432BP, a strain with a broad temperature tolerance range, to elucidate the tolerance mechanisms in response to large temperature variations. Owing to unavailability of genome sequence information, de novo transcriptome assembly coupled with BLAST analysis was performed using strand specific RNA-seq data. This resulted in 26,245 protein-coding transcripts, of which 83.7% could be annotated to putative functions. We identified more than 681 genes differentially expressed, suggesting an organelle-specific response to temperature variation. Among these, the genes related to the photosynthetic electron transfer chain, which are localized in the plastid thylakoid membrane, were upregulated at low temperature. However, the transcripts related to the electron transport chain and biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine localized in mitochondria were upregulated at high temperature. These results show that the low energy uptake by repressed photosynthesis under low and high temperature conditions is compensated by different mechanisms, including photosystem I and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, respectively. This study illustrates that microalgae tolerate different temperature conditions through organelle specific mechanisms.
This study investigated the speciation and aqueous dissolution of macronutrients in fire ash from diverse ecosystems and speciation of ash and smoke from laboratory burning, exploring the variations and their causes. The speciation of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) in fire ash from five globally distributed ecosystems was characterized by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and sequential fractionation. Aqueous dissolution of the macronutrients was measured by batch experiments at acidic and alkaline pHs.
AbstractChanging climates are driving population declines in diverse animals worldwide. Winter conditions may play an important role in these declines but are often overlooked. Animals must not only survive winter but also preserve body condition, a key determinant of growing season success.
Thin Films and Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Dayanand Science College, Latur, Maharashtra, 413512, India. Electronic address:
In this study, we report the synthesis, optical characterization and ultra-sensitive ammonia gas sensing properties of Mg-doped ZnO cauliflower like nanostructures obtained via chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The morphological and structural properties of the prepared films were investigated by Field Emission Scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Gas sensing and optical characterizations were carried out using Keithley electrometer and Uv-Vis.
Phenotypic plasticity plays an essential role in adaptive evolution. However, the molecular mechanisms of how genotype-by-environment interaction (G × E) effects shape phenotypic plasticity in marine organisms remain poorly understood. The crucial temperature-responsive trait triacylglycerol (TAG) content and its major gene adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) expression have divergent plastic patterns in two congeneric oyster species (Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata) to adapt to relative-cold/northern and relative-warm/southern habitats, respectively.
The viscosity of silicate melts is one of the most important physical properties for understanding high-temperature phenomena in magmatic systems and material processing. The effects of composition and temperature on viscosity have long been elucidated. Although iron ions are the main components of magmatic systems, their influence on viscosity remains unclear because the behavior of iron is complicated; iron ions have two redox states, Fe3+ and Fe2+.
