Sci Total Environ
Executive Director, Occupational Knowledge International, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Published: February 2017
Removing lead from gasoline has resulted in decreases in blood lead levels in most of the world, but blood lead levels remain elevated in low and middle-income countries compared to more developed countries. Several reasons for this difference have been investigated, but few studies have examined the potential contribution from locally-made aluminum cookware. In a previous study of cookware from a single African country, Cameroon, artisanal aluminum cookware that is made from scrap metal released significant quantities of lead. In this study, 42 intact aluminum cookware items from ten developing countries were tested for their potential to release lead and other metals during cooking. Fifteen items released ≥1 microgram of lead per serving (250mL) when tested by boiling with dilute acetic acid for 2h. One pot, from Viet Nam, released 33, 1126 and 1426 micrograms per serving in successive tests. Ten samples released >1 microgram of cadmium per serving, and fifteen items released >1 microgram of arsenic per serving. The mean exposure estimate for aluminum was 125mg per serving, more than six times the World Health Organization's Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake of 20mg/day for a 70kg adult, and 40 of 42 items tested exceeded this level. We conducted preliminary assessments of three potential methods to reduce metal leaching from this cookware. Coating the cookware reduced aluminum exposure per serving by >98%, and similar reductions were seen for other metals as well. Potential exposure to metals by corrosion during cooking may pose a significant and largely unrecognized public health risk which deserves urgent attention.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.023 | DOI Listing |
Int J Environ Health Res
November 2024
Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, Turkey.
The study aimed to elucidate metal transitions from cooking utensils to the solutions at different pH. Alkaline, acidic, drinking water solutions were boiled in themost preferred cooking utensils determined by a survey. The metal concentrations were measured using ICP-MS for Aluminium, Iron, Nickel, and Lead.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
July 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
This study explores the functional characteristics (erosion, corrosion, mechanical damage, and microstructural features) of non-stick cookware made from aluminum alloys. Typically coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE-Teflon) or ceramic for non-stick properties, we conducted a systematic investigation using corrosion, abrasion, and mechanical tests on six types of cookware from different manufacturers (Manuf-1-6). The cookware was heated at various temperatures [Room temperature (RT), 100, 175, 250, & 350 °C] and times (45 & 120 min).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Hyg Environ Health
August 2024
Pure Earth, 475 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10115, USA; Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 5, Munich, 80336, Germany. Electronic address:
Introduction: Lead poisoning contributes to a significant burden of disease as a toxic substance found in air, soil, and water. In Indonesia, the risk of exposure is high due to the inappropriate recycling of used lead batteries. The objective was to investigate the factors that influence lead levels in children's blood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol
May 2024
Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Seattle, WA, USA.
Background: We previously demonstrated that aluminum cookware brought from Afghanistan by resettled families as well as some aluminum cookware available for purchase in the United States represent a previously unrecognized source of lead exposure. However, the extent to which this cookware represents a source of lead exposure to other United States residents is unclear.
Objectives: To test additional cookware for lead content and its propensity to leach lead and other toxic metals.
Toxics
July 2023
Biochemistry Section, Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
The intake of toxic metals from cooking utensils through food is of growing concern to the medical community. This intake poses serious risk to human health. In many developing countries, different types of contaminated metals scraps are used to make cooking utensils.
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