Nutrition is a challenge for burn patients. Emphasized points are early enteral amounts by means of a naso-gastric tube, semi-recumbent position > 30°, gastro-intestinal survey improved by kinetics, weight evolution, nutritional amounts assessment to prevent proteino-energetic deficiency. Feeding is difficult with children, as with seniors often associating a preexisting starvation. Nutritional supplements are useful in medium severity patients. For overweight patients, hypo caloric and hyperprotidic diet is the better choice. Non hemodialysed kidney failure patients need potassium limitation. In case of perineal burns, short constipation or faecal collector rather than colostomy prevent local contamination. Enteral amounts are difficult to administrate in prone position following ARDS (recumbent, post pyloric tube). In extensive burns, quality of nutrients is more suitable than quantity. Old caloric formulas lead to badly tolerated over-nutrition, while indirect calorimetry or Toronto formula allow a better assessment. Immunonutrition (supplementation with trace elements, glutamine, arginine, omega 3 fatty acids, and rational control of blood glucose) could reduce oxidative stress and hyper metabolism induced by burn trauma.
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J Intellect Dev Disabil
March 2024
Clinical and Professional Development, Melmark New England, Andover, MA, USA.
Background: Some adults with intellectual disabilities do not acquire oral feeding skills and are dependent on gastrostomy tube supplementation.
Methods: Two adults with intellectual and multiple disabilities received intervention for oral consumption during daily meals (standardised food and liquid quantities, individualised procedural guidelines, and consumption-contingent consequences) while the frequency and amount of gastrostomy tube feedings were gradually decreased and eliminated.
Results: Compared to baseline (pre-intervention) conditions, the adults increased oral consumption of food and liquid during the intervention and gastrostomy tube supplementation was eliminated.
Int J Parasitol
January 2025
Institute of Parasitology, Department for Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1 A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
Cystoisospora suis, a porcine enteral parasite of the order Coccidia, is characterized by a complex life cycle, with asexual and sexual development in the epithelium of the host gut and an environmental phase as an oocyst. All developmental stages vary greatly in their morphology and function, and therefore excrete different bioactive molecules for intercellular communication. Due to their complex development, we hypothesized that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) cargo is highly dependent on the life cycle stages from which they are released.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicon
January 2025
Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba, CEP: 58397-000, Brazil; Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba, CEP: 58397-000, Brazil. Electronic address:
This study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of an outbreak of ruminal acidosis and ruminitis caused by the ingestion of hedge lucerne (Desmanthus virgatus L.) in 70 cattle in the state of Paraiba, Northeastern Brazil. The herd had been transported from the state of Piauí to Paraiba.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
December 2024
Danone Research & Innovation, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address:
Enteral Nutrition (EN) is used for the dietary management of patients requiring tube feed and who are at risk of disease related malnutrition. Previously, EN with a dairy-dominant p4 protein blend (DD-P4: 20% soy, 20% pea, 25% casein and 35% whey) was shown to not coagulate in the stomach, increase gastric emptying rate and reduce gastric residual volume compared to EN with casein-dominant protein blends (CD; 80% casein and 20% whey), which is relevant for upper gastrointestinal tolerance. In line with the EAT-Lancet report, a new plant-dominant protein blend (PD-P4: 46% soy, 32% pea, 16% casein and 6% whey) was developed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrit Care Resusc
September 2024
Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Objective: Critically ill patients suffer disrupted sleep. Hypnotic medications may improve sleep; however, local epidemiological data regarding the amount of nocturnal time awake and the use of such medications is needed.
Design: Point prevalence study.
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