Nakayama's shadow theory first discussed the diffraction by a perfectly conducting grating in a planar mounting. In the theory, a new formulation by use of a scattering factor was proposed. This paper focuses on the middle regions of a multilayered dielectric grating placed in conical mounting. Applying the shadow theory to the matrix eigenvalues method, we compose new transformation and improved propagation matrices of the shadow theory for conical mounting. Using these matrices and scattering factors, being the basic quantity of diffraction amplitudes, we formulate a new description of three-dimensional scattering fields which is available even for cases where the eigenvalues are degenerate in any region. Some numerical examples are given for cases where the eigenvalues are degenerate in the middle regions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.33.002188 | DOI Listing |
J Educ Health Promot
December 2024
Department of Medical Education, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Background: Classroom behavior is one of the important variables for the curriculum in the learning path of learners. The aim of this study was to explain the classroom behavior process of medical sciences students.
Materials And Methods: In a qualitative study using the grounded theory approach, the classroom behavior of 21 students from different medical fields was assessed.
Clin Dermatol
January 2025
Agnes Irwin School. Rosemont, Pennsylvania, USA.
The smile is a complex human facial expression, most commonly associated with joy. We present a detailed view on Leonardo Da Vinci's painting of Saint John the Baptist, between 1516 to 1516, which illustrates a smiling saint, which has evoked multiple explanations and theories. Discussing Da Vinci's concept of painting as science media and the two merely contradictory painting techniques chiaroscuro and sfumato, we attempt to approach this picture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Psychol
December 2024
Department of Leadership and Organization Management, School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University.
Star employees are pivotal to organizational success and significantly influence their peers. Previous studies on this topic often explore the attributes of stars and nonstars in isolation. Using social comparison theory, our study posits that as employees' performance approaches that of star employees, nonstar employees become more likely to compare themselves with stars, thereby increasing their sense of psychological entitlement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Phys
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
Int J Health Policy Manag
December 2024
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Ubels and van Raaij provide a valuable account of the operation of novel hospital/medical specialist enterprise (MSE) contracts in a Dutch healthcare system shaped by market reform. However, their analytical distinction between the separate domains of contractual and relational governance frames the contractual domain more narrowly than does the relational contract theory widely deployed in socio-legal studies. The authors' conclusion that contract plays little or no part in governing relations between hospitals and MSEs leads them to underplay a wider realm of contractual practices that develop in the shadow of the written contract.
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