Trimetallic AuAgPd and tetrametallic AuAgCuPd clusters were synthesized by the subsequential metal exchange reactions of dodecanethiolate-protected AuPd clusters. EXAFS measurements revealed that Pd, Ag, and Cu dopants preferentially occupy the center and edge sites of the core, and staple sites, respectively. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies demonstrated that the synergistic effects of multiple substitutions on the electronic structures are additive in nature.
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