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COVID-19 and HIV: Clinical Outcomes and Inflammatory Markers in a Cohort from a Reference Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Viruses
January 2025
Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
Background: Severe COVID-19 presents a variety of clinical manifestations associated with inflammatory profiles. People living with HIV (PLWH) could face a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19, depending on their immunosuppression levels. This study describes inflammatory markers in COVID-19 clinical outcomes with and without HIV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeath and survival of gut CD4 T cells following HIV-1 infection ex vivo.
PNAS Nexus
November 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Ave, Mail Stop B168, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
The gastrointestinal tract is ground zero for the massive and sustained CD4 T cell depletion during acute HIV-1 infection. To date, the molecular mechanisms governing this fundamental pathogenic process remain unclear. HIV-1 infection in the gastrointestinal tract is associated with chronic inflammation due to a disrupted epithelial barrier that results in microbial translocation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDefective proviruses significantly impact viral transcription and immune activation in men and women with HIV-1 subtype C in rural South Africa.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Translational Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Introduction: The main obstacle to achieving an HIV-1 cure is the proviral reservoir. To promote equity in HIV cure strategies, it is crucial to study the viral reservoir of the predominant HIV-1 subtype C in both women and men. Therefore, we investigated the dynamics of the (intact) viral reservoir in relation to plasma viral load (VL), CD4 T cell count, and immune activation before and during 96 weeks of successful antiretroviral therapy (ART).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNET-EN treatment leads to delayed HSV-2 infection, enhanced mucin and T cell functions in the female genital tract when compared to DMPA in a preclinical mouse model.
Front Immunol
November 2024
McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and Norethisterone Enanthate (NET-EN) are progestin-only injectable contraceptives widely used by women in sub-Sharan Africa, where incidence of HIV-1 and HSV-2 infection remains high. Studies indicate that DMPA usage can increase the risk of HSV-2 infection, but limited data indicate no increased risk with use of NET-EN. We therefore investigated the effects of NET-EN and DMPA on susceptibility to vaginal HSV-2 infection in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and effects on immune responses, particularly in the vaginal tract (VT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranscriptional profile of infection in people living with HIV.
iScience
November 2024
Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
In people with HIV-1 (PWH), (MTB) infection poses a significant threat. While active tuberculosis (TB) accelerates immunodeficiency, the interaction between MTB and HIV-1 during asymptomatic phases remains unclear. Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcriptomic profiles in PWH, with and without controlled viral loads, revealed distinct clustering in MTB-infected individuals.
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