AI Article Synopsis
- Adult orthodontic patients often experience chronic periodontitis, which complicates orthodontic treatment and increases the risk of dental root resorption (DRR) and periodontal bone loss.
- A study using Fischer344 rats showed that orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) combined with induced periodontitis led to increased DRR, osteoclast activity, and accelerated tooth movement velocity despite the risks.
- The findings suggest that orthodontic treatments should ideally occur only after effective periodontal therapy to avoid complications related to active inflammation.
Article Abstract
Background: Many adult orthodontic patients suffer from chronic periodontitis with recurrent episodes of active periodontal inflammation. As their number is steadily increasing, orthodontists are more and more frequently challenged by respective treatment considerations. However, little is currently known regarding interactive effects on undesired dental root resorption (DRR), tooth movement velocity, periodontal bone loss and the underlying cellular and tissue reactions.
Material And Methods: A total of 63 male Fischer344 rats were used in three consecutive experiments employing 21 animals each (A/B/C), randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups (n=7, 1/2/3), respectively: (A) CBCT; (B) histology/serology; (C) RT-qPCR-(1) control; (2) orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) of the first/second upper left molars (NiTi coil spring, 0.25N); (3) OTM with experimentally induced periodontitis (cervical silk ligature). After 14days of OTM, we quantified blood leukocyte level, DRR, osteoclast activity and relative gene expression of inflammatory and osteoclast marker genes within the dental-periodontal tissue as well as tooth movement velocity and periodontal bone loss after 14 and 28 days.
Results: The experimentally induced periodontal bone loss was significantly increased by concurrent orthodontic force application. Periodontal inflammation during OTM on the other hand significantly augmented the extent of DRR, relative expression of inflammatory/osteoclast marker genes, blood leukocyte level and periodontal osteoclast activity. In addition, contrary to previous studies, we observed a significant increase in tooth movement velocity.
Conclusions: Although accelerated tooth movement would be favourable for orthodontic treatment, our results suggest that orthodontic interventions should only be performed after successful systematic periodontal therapy and paused in case of recurrent active inflammation.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2016.10.004 | DOI Listing |
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