The increasing number of detected cases of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in recent years in Central-Eastern Europe strongly support the need of accurate diagnosis of the disease in patients and its differentiation from cystic echinococcosis. Accordingly to the EU notification requirements both parasitoses are reported jointly as echinococcosis, which makes it impossible to assess epidemiological situation of each disease. AE threat to humans is due to the environmental contamination with eggs of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis excreted by infected foxes. Also contribution of dogs to the parasite transmission should be taken into account in endemic areas. The article presents current data on human cases of AE registered in humans in Europe and Poland, threats of this parasitosis to humans and results of studies on E. multilocularis infection in animals, the definitive hosts.
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