In this study, the evaluation of the performance of two thin-film UV-C reactors (annular and Taylor-Couette) and a coiled tube system is presented using actinometry and biodosimetry methods. The iodide/iodate actinometry method was found suitable for comparison of the efficiency of UV-C dose delivery of the UV-C continuous flow systems. Inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 in quarter-strength Ringer's solution (absorption coefficient α ∼ 0 cm) at various flow conditions at Reynolds numbers in the range of 26 to 3000 showed a good correlation between the different reactor types. In high UV-C absorbing liquids, the inactivation efficiency increases due to the improved radial mixing. The inactivation performance of the Taylor-Couette system correlates to the annular reactor when no rotation force is applied. The residence time distributions showed the narrowest distribution with the coiled tube system at comparable flow rates. The results indicate that, despite the laminar flow conditions, the performance of the Taylor-Couette unit becomes equal to the turbulent flow conditions of the coiled tube reactor by rotation of the inner cylinder.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013216679010 | DOI Listing |
Materials (Basel)
December 2024
GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China.
Titanium alloy coiled tubing (CT) has great superiority while operating in deep wells with severe conditions, but it faces serious challenges during roll forming like high springback, edge cracking and surface wearing. In order to utilize the high precision and high efficiency production of titanium alloy CT, it is urgently necessary to develop a detailed process design. Based on the W-forming strategy and the cubic curve of the strip edge projection, the flower pattern and roll design for the 21-pass roll forming process were completed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Methods
January 2025
Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin Street, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Nanoparticles (NPs) of urban dust pose a potential threat to public health. Nevertheless, this issue remains largely unexplored due to a lack of biological research related to these NPs. This may be attributed to the complexity of the separation, characterization, analysis, and subsequent preparation of NPs of urban dust for biological studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Rep
November 2024
Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Pollinator Insect of the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
Background: Microsporidia is an obligate intracellular eukaryote, which is capable of parasitizing vertebrates and invertebrates. Nosema ceranae, which can infect both Apis mellifera and Apis cerana, poses a serious threat and causes heavy losses to the worldwide apiculture. During infection, polar tube, a highly specialized invasion structure, ejected from the spore to deliver the sporoplasm into host cells to cause infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
November 2024
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
Although the mechanisms of molluscan shell growth have been studied using mathematical models, little is known about the molecular basis underpinning shell morphogenesis. Here, we performed Wnt activation experiments to elucidate the potential roles of Wnt signaling in the shell growth of Lymnaea stagnalis. In general, we observed following three types of shell malformations in both dose- and developmental stage-dependent manners: (i) cap-shaped shell, (ii) cap-shaped shell with hydropic soft tissues, and (iii) compressed shell with a smaller number of coiling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
October 2024
School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China.
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