Health psychology: supporting the self-management of long-term conditions.

This article considers how knowledge of health psychology can help nurses support patients in managing their long-term conditions. The concept of 'self-management' is defined and the need for self-efficacy-the patient's confidence in their ability to manage-and social support is highlighted. Patients' 'illness perceptions', or beliefs about the nature of their condition, also have an impact on their self-management. This is discussed in particular relation to adherence to treatment. A distinction is made between intentional and non-intentional non-adherence. Understanding of the many factors, other than lack of knowledge, that influence self-management success will help nurses and patients work together to develop an effective self-management plan.