Influence of hydration water on CHNHPbI perovskite films prepared through one-step procedure.

Organic-inorganic perovskites were fabricated through a one-step procedure with different levels of hydration water in precursor solutions. The optical properties of CHNHPbI films were investigated through spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoluminescence measurements. With the measured optical constants, the efficiency limit of perovskite solar cells is predicted with a detailed balance model. By comparing the optical measurement to that of planar heterojunction solar cells, we conclude that the radiative efficiency and porosity of the perovskite film significantly influence the performance of perovskite solar cells. An optimized hydration-water concentration is obtained for the 3CHNHI:1PbAc•xHO precursor solution. The results can provide guidance for further optimization of the device performance of perovskite solar cells by utilizing hydration water.