Redox Status of GPI in Different Stages of Diabetic Angiopathy.

We explored the redox status of beta 2 glycoprotein I (GPI) in different stages of diabetic angiopathy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had a significantly lower proportion of reduced GPI as compared to healthy controls ( < 0.05). There was a trend that the mild coronal atherosclerosis heart disease (CAD) had higher proportion of reduced GPI than non-CAD and severe-CAD groups, however without significances ( > 0.05). The mild-A-stenosis group and mild-diabetic retinopathy (DR) groups had higher proportion of reduced GPI than their severely affected counterparts. The mild-slow nerve conduction velocity (NCVS) group had higher proportion of reduced GPI than normal nerve conduction velocity (NCVN group) and severe-NCVS groups. The proportion of reduced GPI was in positive correlation with 24 h urine microalbumin and total urine protein, and the proportion of reduced GPI was in negative correlation with serum and skin advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Taken together, our data implicate that the proportion of reduced GPI increased in the early stage of angiopathy and decreased with the aggravation of angiopathy.