Objective: To generate physical models of fetuses from images obtained with three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and, occasionally, computed tomography (CT), in order to guide additive manufacturing technology.
Materials And Methods: We used 3D-US images of 31 pregnant women, including 5 who were carrying twins. If abnormalities were detected by 3D-US, both MRI and in some cases CT scans were then immediately performed. The images were then exported to a workstation in DICOM format. A single observer performed slice-by-slice manual segmentation using a digital high resolution screen. Virtual 3D models were obtained from software that converts medical images into numerical models. Those models were then generated in physical form through the use of additive manufacturing techniques.
Results: Physical models based upon 3D-US, MRI, and CT images were successfully generated. The postnatal appearance of either the aborted fetus or the neonate closely resembled the physical models, particularly in cases of malformations.
Conclusion: The combined use of 3D-US, MRI, and CT could help improve our understanding of fetal anatomy. These three screening modalities can be used for educational purposes and as tools to enable parents to visualize their unborn baby. The images can be segmented and then applied, separately or jointly, in order to construct virtual and physical 3D models.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0100 | DOI Listing |
J Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
CuO octahedra usually show elongated distortion, leading to active orbitals and planar exchange interactions, while compressed CuO octahedra with active orbitals and unidirectional exchange interactions are exceptionally rare. Here, we design and synthesize a new frustrated antiferromagnet CaCuFeO through a high-pressure and high-temperature approach, in which robust compressed CuO octahedra are realized, separating the FeO sheets that comprise zigzag spin ladders. Magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements exhibit a long-range antiferromagnetic order below the Néel temperature of 165 K, which is further confirmed by neutron diffraction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
Recent progress in superconductor-insulator transition has shed light on the intermediate metallic state with unique electronic inhomogeneity. The microscopic model, suggesting that carrier spatial distribution plays a decisive role in the intermediate state, has been instrumental in understanding the quantum transition. However, the narrow carrier density window in which the intermediate state exists necessitates precise control of the gate dielectric layer, presenting a challenge to in situ map the carrier spatial distribution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Urology, Suzhou Wuzhong No.2 People's Hospital, Suzhou, China.
Background: This study investigates the relationship between sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a measure of abdominal obesity, and kidney stone disease (KSD) in the U.S. population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.
To investigate the pattern and threshold of physiological growth, defining as axial length (AL) elongation that results in little refraction progression, among Chinese children and teenagers, a total of 916 children aged between 7 and 18 years from a 6-year longitudinal cohort study were included for analysis. Ocular biometry, cycloplegic refraction and demographic data were obtained annually. Physiological growth was calculated based on myopic progression and Gullstrand eye model, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Gerontol
January 2025
Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Population aging represents a global challenge. In this context, loneliness has positioned itself as a critical problem with adverse effects on the physical and mental health of the elderly. This study aimed to explore the role of negative self-perception of aging (SPA) and social isolation as mediators in the relationship between ageism and loneliness.
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