Management of cystine nephrolithiasis by endourologic methods and shock-wave lithotripsy.

Cystinuria is a rare cause of renal calculi, accounting for about 1 percent of cases. Herein we describe our experience with a series of 10 patients with cystinuria and highlight the particular problems of the use of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to treat these types of stones and our resultant emphasis on percutaneous techniques.