Despite extensive ongoing efforts on improving the long-term prediction of El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the predictability in state-of-the-art operational schemes remains limited by factors such as the spring barrier and the influence of atmospheric winds. Recent research suggests that the 2014/15 El Niño (EN) event was stalled as a result of an unusually strong basin-wide easterly wind burst in June, which led to the discharge of a large fraction of the subsurface ocean heat. Here we use observational records and numerical experiments to explore the sensitivity of EN to the magnitude of the heat buildup occurring in the ocean subsurface 21 months in advance. Our simulations suggest that a large increase in heat content during this phase can lead to basin-wide uniform warm conditions in the equatorial Pacific the winter before the occurrence of a very strong EN event. In our model configuration, the system compensates any initial decrease in heat content and naturally evolves towards a new recharge, resulting in a delay of up to one year in the occurrence of an EN event. Both scenarios substantiate the non-linear dependency between the intensity of the subsurface heat buildup and the magnitude and timing of subsequent EN episodes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep36344 | DOI Listing |
Sensors (Basel)
November 2024
Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Lower Silesian Branch, 53-122 Wrocław, Poland.
Geothermal energy is a crucial component contributing to the development of local thermal energy systems as a carbon-neutral and reliable energy source. Insights into its availability derive from knowledge of geology, hydrogeology and the thermal regime of the subsurface. This expertise helps to locate and monitor geothermal installations as well as observe diverse aspects of natural and man-made thermal effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
December 2024
School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
Platanus officinalis fibers (PFs) taking advantage of high-availability, eco-friendly and low-cost characteristics have attracted significant focus in the field of biomaterial application. Polyethyleneimine grafted with polydopamine on magnetic Platanus officinalis fibers (PEI-PDA@M-PFs) were prepared through a two-step process of mussel inspiration and the Michael addition reaction, which can work as an effective multifunctional biomass adsorbent for anionic dye with outstanding separation capacity and efficiency. The as-prepared PEI-PDA@M-PFs possess desirable hydrophilicity, magnetism and positive charge, along with abundant amino functional groups on the surface, facilitating efficient adsorption and the removal of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dyes from water.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
December 2024
Institute of Thermal Science and Power Systems, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Thermal remediation effectively treats sites contaminated with nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) by heating soil. A key process is the co-boiling at the water-NAPL interface, which lowers the boiling point due to combined vapor pressures, potentially reducing energy needs. However, determining the optimal end time for heating is challenging due to the invisible nature of underground NAPL, often resulting in excessive energy use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem Lett
December 2024
AstrobiologyOU, School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.
Sci Rep
November 2024
Huayuan Well Field Resource Development Co., Ltd, Jining, 272200, China.
In order to prevent leakage of pyrolysed oil and gas and the release of contaminants from the top and bottom strata, it is essential to carry out a comprehensive study of the seepage behaviour of these strata under high temperature triaxial stress conditions. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of effective strategies for the containment and integrity monitoring of subsurface reservoirs and storage environments. Mudstone, serving as both the upper and lower strata, offers an effective barrier due to its inherently low permeability.
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