One major disadvantage to the two-step deposition method of perovskite films is the incomplete conversion from PbI to perovskite resulting in the presence of a thick PbI layer, which hinders charge carrier transportation. In this study, a quaternary ammonium salt has been used to manipulate the crystallization of PbI in the first deposition step, which leads to facile incorporation of the methylammonium iodide into the Pb-I lattice and promotes the conversion of PbI to perovskite leading to improved device performance.
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