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Designing of an innovative conserved multiepitope subunit vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein and nucleoprotein through immunoinformatic.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has imposed substantial challenges on our society due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This virus relies heavily on its surface glycoprotein (S-glycoprotein) to facilitate attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells. While the nucleoprotein (N) in the ribonucleoprotein core binds to the viral RNA genome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe immune exhaustion paradox: activated functionality during chronic bacterial infections.
J Infect Dev Ctries
December 2024
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
Co-inhibitory molecules, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), known as immune checkpoints, regulate the activity of T and myeloid cells during chronic viral infections and are well-established for their roles in cancer therapy. However, their involvement in chronic bacterial infections, particularly those caused by pathogens endemic to developing countries, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains incompletely understood. Cytokine microenvironment determines the expression of co-inhibitory molecules in tuberculosis: Results indicate that the cytokine IL-12, in the presence of Mtb antigens, can enhance the expression of co-inhibitory molecules while preserving the effector and memory phenotypes of CD4+ T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnveiling cross-reactivity: implications for immune response modulation in cancer.
Brief Bioinform
November 2024
Program of Cell and Gene Therapy, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Antigen recognition by CD8+ T-cell receptors (TCR) is crucial for immune responses to pathogens and tumors. TCRs are cross-reactive, a single TCR can recognize multiple peptide-Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complexes. The study of cross-reactivity can support the development of therapies focusing on immune modulation, such as the expansion of pre-existing T-cell clones to fight pathogens and tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFα-Synuclein fibrils enhance HIV-1 infection of human T cells, macrophages and microglia.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and viral reservoirs in the brain remain a significant challenge. Despite their importance, the mechanisms allowing HIV-1 entry and replication in the central nervous system (CNS) are poorly understood. Here, we show that α-synuclein and (to a lesser extent) Aβ fibrils associated with neurological diseases enhance HIV-1 entry and replication in human T cells, macrophages, and microglia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpecific selection of stimulation-responsive γδ T-cells utilizing a short-term activation assay.
Methods Cell Biol
January 2025
Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address:
T cells expressing the γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) represent a numerically small proportion of total T cells. Unlike αβ T cells they are activated by non-peptide antigens independently of MHC-presentation. γδ T cells have been recognized as a favorable prognostic marker across different tumor entities.
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