Synthesis, X-ray Structures, Electronic Properties, and O/NO Reactivities of Thiol Dioxygenase Active-Site Models.

Mononuclear non-heme iron complexes that serve as structural and functional mimics of the thiol dioxygenases (TDOs), cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) and cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO), have been prepared and characterized with crystallographic, spectroscopic, kinetic, and computational methods. The high-spin Fe(II) complexes feature the facially coordinating tris(4,5-diphenyl-1-methylimidazol-2-yl)phosphine (TIP) ligand that replicates the three histidine (3His) triad of the TDO active sites. Further coordination with bidentate l-cysteine ethyl ester (CysOEt) or cysteamine (CysAm) anions yielded five-coordinate (5C) complexes that resemble the substrate-bound forms of CDO and ADO, respectively. Detailed electronic-structure descriptions of the [Fe(TIP)(L)]BPh complexes, where L = CysOEt (1) or CysAm (2), were generated through a combination of spectroscopic techniques [electronic absorption, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD)] and density functional theory (DFT). Complexes 1 and 2 decompose in the presence of O to yield the corresponding sulfinic acid (RSOH) products, thereby emulating the reactivity of the TDO enzymes and related complexes. Rate constants and activation parameters for the dioxygenation reactions were measured and interpreted with the aid of DFT calculations for O-bound intermediates. Treatment of the TDO models with nitric oxide (NO)-a well-established surrogate of O-led to a mixture of high-spin and low-spin {FeNO} species at low temperature (-70 °C), as indicated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. At room temperature, these Fe/NO adducts convert to a common species with EPR and infrared (IR) features typical of cationic dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs). To complement these results, parallel spectroscopic, computational, and O/NO reactivity studies were carried out using previously reported TDO models that feature an anionic hydrotris(3-phenyl-5-methyl-pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) ligand. Though the O reactivities of the TIP- and Tp-based complexes are quite similar, the supporting ligand perturbs the energies of Fe 3d-based molecular orbitals and modulates Fe-S bond covalency, suggesting possible rationales for the presence of neutral 3His coordination in CDO and ADO.