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Increased cardiac myosin super-relaxation as an energy saving mechanism in hibernating grizzly bears.
Mol Metab
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Myocardial Homeostasis and Cardiac Injury Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:
Aim: The aim of the present study was to define whether cardiac myosin contributes to energy conservation in the heart of hibernating mammals.
Methods: Thin cardiac strips were isolated from the left ventricles of active and hibernating grizzly bears; and subjected to loaded Mant-ATP chase assays, X-ray diffraction and proteomics.
Main Findings: Hibernating grizzly bears displayed an unusually high proportion of ATP-conserving super-relaxed cardiac myosin molecules that are likely due to altered levels of phosphorylation and rod region stability.
How Does Mitochondrial Protein-Coding Gene Expression in (Anura: Dicroglossidae) Respond to Extreme Temperatures?
Animals (Basel)
September 2023
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Article Synopsis
- Unusual climates lead to extreme temperatures affecting anuran species, particularly in tropical and subtropical Asia, which are sensitive to climate change.
- The study investigates how 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes respond to temperature changes, specifically at extreme low (2 °C, 4 °C) and high (40 °C) compared to a control temperature of 25 °C.
- Results show significant changes in gene expression, with a hypometabolic state at 4 °C and strong upregulation at 40 °C, indicating that these frogs adapt rapidly to temperature fluctuations in their environment.
Evolutionary constraint and innovation across hundreds of placental mammals.
Science
April 2023
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Zoonomia is the largest resource for studying mammalian genomes, analyzing 240 species to find genetic mutations that could impact fitness and disease risk.
- Around 332 million bases in the human genome are highly conserved across species, indicating evolutionary significance, with 4552 of these being ultraconserved.
- The research highlights that most constrained bases are outside protein-coding regions and not annotated, revealing potential insights for understanding unique traits in mammals and informing medical research.
Functional genomics analysis reveals the evolutionary adaptation and demographic history of pygmy lorises.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
October 2022
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223 Kunming, China.
Lorises are a group of globally threatened strepsirrhine primates that exhibit many unusual physiological and behavioral features, including a low metabolic rate, slow movement, and hibernation. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome sequence of the pygmy loris () and resequenced whole genomes from 50 pygmy lorises and 6 Bengal slow lorises (). We found that many gene families involved in detoxification have been specifically expanded in the pygmy loris, including the gene family, with many newly derived copies functioning specifically in the liver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbstractBats (order Chiroptera) are the second largest group of mammals, diverging ~52.5 million years ago. Many species exhibit an unusual reproductive cycle and extreme longevity without reproductive senescence, yet steroid profiles exist for few bats.
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