[Ethics for clinical research].

In order to translate research results obtained with technical innovations into the novel therapeutic approaches expeditiously, it is mandatory that both researchers and clinicians collaborate with pharmaceutical companies. In other words, investigators, pharmaceutical companies, and patients should work together to make newly innovative drugs more patient-friendly and more effective, with fewer adverse side effects. Patient cooperation is also indispensable for carrying out investigator-initiated clinical trials providing informative evidence for the development of clinical practice guidelines. In order to achieve these goals, it is necessary that the general public allow the implementation of investigatorinitiated clinical trials. For this purpose, it is mandatory to ripen the "social soil", while at the same time building a "system" including such essentials as regulations. Enhancing the transparency of conflicts of interest is one aspect of such a "system", and it is impossible to ripen the "social soil" in the settings of scientific misconduct and fraudulent medical research or clinical trials. In order to foster the "social soil" concept, it is clearly important to cultivate firm insights and lofty ethics of individual physicians and researchers.