Gelatin-modified gold nanoparticles for direct detection of urinary total gelatinase activity: Diagnostic value in bladder cancer.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in particularly gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were reported as urinary markers of bladder cancer. In this work, we developed a simple colorimetric gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assay for rapid and sensitive detection of urinary total gelatinase activity based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) property of AuNPs. Gelatin-modified AuNPs were stably suspended in solution even upon addition of an aggregation inducer as 6-mercaptohexan-1-ol (6-MCH). Gelatinases digest gelatin capping. Subsequently, addition of 6-MCH leads to AuNPs aggregation with red to blue color shift. In a pilot study, results of the developed AuNP assay were consistent with zymography for qualitative detection of urinary total gelatinase activity. The sensitivity and specificity of both assays were 80% and 90.9% respectively. The absorption ratios, A/A of the reacted AuNP solutions were used to quantify the total gelatinase concentration. The best cut off value was 0.01895ng/μg protein, at which the sensitivity was 87.5% and the specificity was 86.4%. The developed AuNP assay is simple, low-cost and can aid non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.