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Three Birds, One Excipient: Development of an Improved pH, Isotonic, and Buffered Ketamine Formulation for Subcutaneous Injection.
Pharmaceutics
March 2022
Bexson Biomedical Inc., Santa Barbara, CA 93108, USA.
Subcutaneous (SC) ketamine has been found to be effective in pain management, though reports of injection site irritation and sterile abscesses exist with currently available ketamine HCl formulations. Such adverse SC reactions are commonly associated with low pH, high osmolality and/or high injection volumes. An optimal SC formulation of ketamine would thus have a pH and osmolality close to physiological levels, without compromising on concentration and, thus, injection volume.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-time confocal microscopy imaging of corneal cytoarchitectural changes induced by different stresses.
Exp Eye Res
September 2021
Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China. Electronic address:
Maintenance of the corneal refractive power and tissue transparency is essential for normal vision. Real-time characterization of changes in corneal cells during suffering stresses or wound healing may provide a way to identify novel targets, whose therapeutic manipulation can improve the outcome of this response induced by injury. Here we describe a novel user friendly and effective confocal real-time confocal microscopy attachment that monitors the effects of anisoosmotic stress on cell morphology and corneal thickness in situ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe observation of high hypotonicity manipulating cell division.
Heliyon
August 2019
Laboratory of Heat and Mass Transport at Micro-Nano Scale, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
We report a morphological manipulation of cell division which was achieved by changing the environment from isotonic to highly hypotonic. Cells at telophase were observed to undergo a morphological reversal to anaphase, with the contractile ring being reopened and the cell shape reversing from dumb-bell back to spherical. Once restored to isosmotic environment, the reversed cells would either continue to divide or instead to form binuclear cells that further proliferated in runaway fashions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPostfreeze viability of erythrocytes from Dryophytes chrysoscelis.
J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol
June 2019
Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio.
Dryophytes chrysoscelis (formerly Hyla chrysoscelis, Cope's gray treefrog) is a freeze-tolerant anuran that accumulates glycerol and urea during cold acclimation and freezing. It is hypothesized that glycerol and urea function as cryoprotectants by minimizing osmotically induced cell damage during freezing and thawing, thereby improving the postfreeze viability of red blood cells (RBCs) when frozen in medium containing those solutes. To test this, erythrocytes were obtained from warm (22°C) and cold-acclimated (4°C) frogs and suspended in 280 mOsM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of Intravenously Administered Crystalloid Solutions on Acid-Base Balance in Domestic Animals.
J Vet Intern Med
September 2017
College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN.
Intravenous fluid therapy can alter plasma acid-base balance. The Stewart approach to acid-base balance is uniquely suited to identify and quantify the effects of the cationic and anionic constituents of crystalloid solutions on plasma pH. The plasma strong ion difference (SID) and weak acid concentrations are similar to those of the administered fluid, more so at higher administration rates and with larger volumes.
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