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We report an ultrastructural study of azidothymidine-induced melanoderma. The hyperpigmentation is linked to the presence of numerous single melanosomes and polymelanosomes in keratinocytes at all levels of the epidermis, and in dermal Factor XIIIa-positive dendrocytes. Such observation suggests an increased melanogenesis in melanocytes associated to a defect in the degradation of melanosomes normally occurring during epidermal maturation.

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Mice fed azidothymidine demonstrated dramatic hyperpigmentation of their tails. Histologic examination demonstrated large quantities of melanin pigment throughout the entire epidermal layer. Control mice had scant melanin pigment localized to the basal layer.

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