Naturalistic control of brain-machine interfaces will require artificial proprioception, potentially delivered via intracortical microstimulation (ICMS). We have previously shown that multi-channel ICMS can guide a monkey reaching to unseen targets in a planar workspace. Here, we expand on that work, asking how ICMS is decoded into target angle and distance by analyzing the performance of a monkey when ICMS feedback was degraded. From the resulting pattern of errors, we found that the animal's estimate of target direction was consistent with a weighted circular-mean strategy-close to the optimal decoding strategy given the ICMS encoding. These results support our previous finding that animals can learn to use this artificial sensory feedback in an efficient and naturalistic manner.
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Unlabelled: Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is known to affect distant neurons transynaptically, yet the extent to which ICMS pulses delivered in one cortical area modulate neurons in other cortical areas remains largely unknown. Here we assessed how the individual pulses of multi-channel ICMS trains delivered in the upper extremity representation of the macaque primary somatosensory area (S1) modulate neuron firing in the primary motor cortex (M1) and in the ventral premotor cortex (PMv). S1-ICMS pulses modulated the majority of units recorded both in the M1 upper extremity representation and in PMv, producing more inhibition than excitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTessellation of artificial touch via microstimulation of human somatosensory cortex.
bioRxiv
July 2023
Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
When we interact with objects, we rely on signals from the hand that convey information about the object and our interaction with it. A basic feature of these interactions, the locations of contacts between the hand and object, is often only available via the sense of touch. Information about locations of contact between a brain-controlled bionic hand and an object can be signaled via intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of somatosensory cortex (S1), which evokes touch sensations that are localized to a specific patch of skin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomimetic multi-channel microstimulation of somatosensory cortex conveys high resolution force feedback for bionic hands.
bioRxiv
July 2023
Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Article Synopsis
- Tactile signals from the hand are crucial for manual interactions, and they can be restored in bionic hands using a technique called intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the somatosensory cortex (S1).
- In this study, researchers tested the effectiveness of ICMS-based tactile feedback in human participants by examining how well they could perceive different levels of sensation based on stimulation intensity and force sensors in the bionic hand.
- The results demonstrated that using multi-channel biomimetic ICMS, which mimics natural touch patterns, provided stronger and more distinct sensations, leading to better performance in tasks that require force discrimination compared to traditional single-channel methods.
Reducing Behavioral Detection Thresholds per Electrode Synchronous, Spatially-Dependent Intracortical Microstimulation.
Front Neurosci
June 2022
J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) has shown promise in restoring quality of life to patients suffering from paralysis, specifically when used in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). However, these benefits can be hampered by long-term degradation of electrode performance due to the brain's foreign body response. Advances in microfabrication techniques have allowed for the development of neuroprostheses with subcellular electrodes, which are characterized by greater versatility and a less detrimental immune response during chronic use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEncoding and Decoding of Multi-Channel ICMS in Macaque Somatosensory Cortex.
IEEE Trans Haptics
October 2017
Naturalistic control of brain-machine interfaces will require artificial proprioception, potentially delivered via intracortical microstimulation (ICMS). We have previously shown that multi-channel ICMS can guide a monkey reaching to unseen targets in a planar workspace. Here, we expand on that work, asking how ICMS is decoded into target angle and distance by analyzing the performance of a monkey when ICMS feedback was degraded.
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