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Beyond pain privacy and pain meters: a new vision for pain biomarkers.
Front Pain Res (Lausanne)
October 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States.
To an individual, pain is unambiguously real. To a caregiver, assessing pain in others is a challenging process shrouded in doubt. To explain this challenge, many assume that pain "belongs" exclusively to the bearer of that experience and accept the dogma that pain is private.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResponse-independent outcome presentations dissociate stimulus and value based choice.
Neurobiol Learn Mem
November 2024
Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Australia. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Specific Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) refers to how a stimulus indicating a food reward can influence actions that lead to that reward, but understanding how this selection process works is still unclear.
- Experiments revealed that an instrumental degradation treatment, which aimed to disrupt response-outcome (R-O) associations, did not eliminate specific PIT expression, and the sensitivity to outcome devaluation persisted, indicating resistance of R-O associations to degradation.
- However, when using different experimental designs, researchers found that while specific PIT remained intact after instrumental degradation, the lack of outcome-devaluation sensitivity suggested that the treatment effectively weakened R-O associations, altering the expected outcomes based on the actions.
The role of laboratory medicine in a value-based healthcare system: the example of heart failure patient management in the Italian context.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
November 2023
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Modena, Modena, Italy.
Objective: As of today, healthcare systems worldwide face severe challenges that undermine their sustainability. The value-based healthcare (VBHC) approach has been proposed as a strategic and methodological framework to ensure the delivery of the best patient outcomes with economic efficiency. Through the illustrative example of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) for heart failure (HF) patient management in the context of the Italian National Healthcare system, this article explores the role that in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) can play in enabling value-based care models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew pricing models for generic medicines to ensure long-term sustainable competition in Europe.
Front Pharmacol
October 2023
KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
Price erosion of generic medicines over time as a result of existing pricing policies in combination with increasing operational costs of these products due to high inflation, undermine long-term sustainable competition in European off-patent medicines markets. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify new potential pricing models for retail generic medicines in Europe, examine their pros and cons, and illustrate them with examples inside or outside the pharmaceutical sector. A targeted literature review, one-to-one interviews and a joint advisory board meeting with experts from five European countries were carried out to assess potential pricing models for generic medicines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe need to talk about values: a proposed framework for the articulation of normative reasoning in health technology assessment.
Health Econ Policy Law
April 2024
VMLY&R Health, London, UK.
Article Synopsis
- Health technology assessment (HTA) relies on value-based reasoning that combines ethical considerations with empirical evidence, but its current language is unclear and inconsistent, leading to transparency issues.
- A group of 24 researchers proposes a new framework to clarify key terms and types of normative commitments in HTA, improving the decision-making process for practitioners and policymakers.
- The framework aims to foster better public reasoning and accountability, ensuring that health decisions are made transparently and can be ethically evaluated.
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