With routine CSF determination of 21 patients with GBS the BBB and the intrathecal IgG synthesis was investigated when calculated CSF/serum albumin ratio and CSF IgG-index respectively. Only in 2 of 21 patients (9.5%) an intrathecal IgG synthesis and in 14 of 21 patients (67%) a BBB damage was found. The BBB was considered as an important pathogenetic factor in GBS. A hypothesis for the development of the albumino-cytological dissociation is presented.
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Diagnostics (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
Background: Kappa free light chains (KFLCs) are emerging as promising biomarkers for intrathecal B cell activity for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. In this study, we evaluated the ability of KFLC formulas to identify the presence of MS and their agreement with the 'gold standard' of CSF IgG oligoclonal bands (OCBs).
Methods: A total of 233 patients were included in this study: 149, comprising 43 males and 106 females, had MS, and the remainder, 40 males and 44 females, had other neurological diseases (ONDs).
Antibodies (Basel)
December 2024
Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
Background: The presence of intrathecal total IgG production is a hallmark of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics in multiple sclerosis (MS). Herein, we systematically analyze how the intensity (instead of mere presence) of intrathecal total IgG production relates to basic CSF parameters in MS.
Methods: We retrospectively assessed clinical routine CSF findings from 390 therapy-naïve relapsing-remitting MS patients diagnosed according to 2017 revised McDonald criteria.
J Vet Intern Med
December 2024
Division of Clinical Neurology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Background: In dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), 33% develop resistance to conventional anti-seizure medication (ASM) despite adequate treatment. In human medicine, an immune-mediated etiology is suspected in a subset of ASM-resistant patients with epilepsy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG)-type oligoclonal bands (OCBs) have been detected. In dogs, cases of autoimmune encephalitis recently were reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Craniofac Surg
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, China.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of oligoclonal bands (OCB) in differentiating between immune and infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS).
Methods: The study enrolled patients hospitalized with suspected autoimmune or infectious CNS disorders between 2021 and 2023. Patients were categorized into diagnostic groups: multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), autoimmune encephalitis (AE), and viral encephalitis (VE).
Neurol Sci
December 2024
Medical School, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos Street, P.C. 1678, 10 Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Introduction: Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are utilized for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS), as they are found in 95% of patients. Additionally, OCBs are linked to disease prognosis. The primary contributors to OCB production are long-lived plasma cells.
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