This paper examines the methodology used by Kepler to discover a quantitative law of refraction. The aim is to argue that this methodology follows a heuristic method based on the following two Pythagorean principles: (1) sameness is made known by sameness, and (2) harmony arises from establishing a limit to what is unlimited. We will analyse some of the author's proposed analogies to find the aforementioned law and argue that the investigation's heuristic pursues such principles.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2016.05.004 | DOI Listing |
Int J Pharm
December 2024
Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK. Electronic address:
Pharmaceutical tablets are routinely film-coated to improve appearance, reduce medication errors and enhance storage stability. Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) can be utilised to study the liquid penetration into the porous tablet matrix in real time. Using polymer-coated flat-faced tablets with anhydrous lactose or mannitol, we show that when the tablet matrix contains anhydrous material, the anhydrous form transforms to the solid-state hydrate form in the tablet core while the immediate release coating dissolves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScience
December 2024
Center for Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Planck's law ignores but does not prohibit black-body radiation (BBR) from being circularly polarized. BBR from nanostructured filaments with twisted geometry from nanocarbon or metal has strong ellipticity from 500 to 3000 nanometers. The submicrometer-scale chirality of these filaments satisfies the dimensionality requirements imposed by fluctuation-dissipation theorem and requires symmetry breaking in absorptivity and emissivity according to Kirchhoff's law.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Spectrosc
December 2024
Technische Thermodynamik, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy in infrared is a standard tool used in most analytical labs, as it allows a rapid chemical analysis with virtually no sample preparation. However, when the sample contains materials with a high refractive index, special care must be taken as the resulting data may be severely biased. This article reports a theoretical approach to correcting distorted ATR spectra.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effects of light scattering and refraction play significantly different roles for aerosols than for bulk materials, making it challenging to identify aerosolized chemicals using traditional spectral methods or spectral reference libraries. Due to a potentially infinite number of particle morphologies, sizes, and compositions, constructing a database of laboratory-measured aerosol spectra is not a practical solution. Here, as an alternative approach, the measured n/k optical vectors of two example organic materials (diethyl phthalate and D-mannitol) are used in combination with particle absorption / scattering theory (Mie theory and FDTD) and the Beer-Lambert law to generate a series of synthetic infrared transmission / scattered light spectra.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Adv
November 2024
University of Sfax, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Laboratory LaSCOM BP 1171 3000 Sfax Tunisia
In recent years, inorganic perovskite materials based on metallic halides have attracted significant attention due to their non-toxicity and ease of synthesis, making them suitable for various applications. This article describes the slow evaporation approach at room temperature for the fabrication of a non-toxic inorganic perovskite based on metallic halide CsZnCl. This compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic phase of the space group, as confirmed by room temperature X-ray diffraction.
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