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Predictive Methods and Probabilistic Mapping of Subcortical Brain Components in Fossil Carnivora.
J Comp Neurol
January 2025
Department of Anatomy, Des Moines University, West Des Moines, Iowa, USA.
Paleoneurology reconstructs the evolutionary history of nervous systems through direct observations from the fossil record and comparative data from extant species. Although this approach can provide direct evidence of phylogenetic links among species, it is constrained by the availability and quality of data that can be gleaned from the fossil record. Here, we sought to translate brain component relationships in a sample of extant Carnivora to make inferences about brain structure in fossil species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectrophysiological Signatures of Alpha Coma.
J Clin Neurophysiol
January 2025
Department of Intensive Care, Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Purpose: Recent research on quantitative EEG in coma has proposed several metrics correlating with consciousness level. However, the heterogeneous nature of coma can challenge the generalizability of these measures. This study investigates alpha-coma, an electroclinical pattern characterized by a widespread, nonreactive alpha rhythm often linked to poor outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeting VMPFC-amygdala circuit with TMS in substance use disorder: A mechanistic framework.
Addict Biol
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), located along the medial aspect of the frontal area, plays a critical role in regulating arousal/emotions. Its intricate connections with subcortical structures, including the striatum and amygdala, highlight the VMPFC's importance in the neurocircuitry of addiction. Due to these features, the VMPFC is considered a promising target for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in substance use disorders (SUD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis of the relationships between the degree of migraine with right-to-left shunts and changes in white matter lesions and brain structural volume.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines white matter lesions (WMLs) in migraine patients with right-to-left shunts (RLS), focusing on their location, severity, and impact on brain volume and headaches.
- Researchers analyzed data from 102 migraine sufferers with RLS, including RLS flow and headache impact scores, comparing them with healthy controls.
- Findings indicate WMLs mainly occur in specific brain regions, show no significant correlation with RLS flow, but highlight differences based on headache severity and brain structure between migraines and healthy individuals.
Machine Learning Recognizes Stages of Parkinson's Disease Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Sensors (Basel)
December 2024
Faculty of Computer Science, Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology, 86 Koszykowa Street, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are debilitating conditions that affect millions worldwide, and the number of cases is expected to rise significantly in the coming years. Because early detection is crucial for effective intervention strategies, this study investigates whether the structural analysis of selected brain regions, including volumes and their spatial relationships obtained from regular T1-weighted MRI scans ( = 168, PPMI database), can model stages of PD using standard machine learning (ML) techniques. Thus, diverse ML models, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Classifier, and Rough Sets, were trained and evaluated.
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