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Abnormalities in Blood Parameters in Athletes Taking Anabolic Androgenic Steroidal Agents; an Observational Clinical Study.
Subst Abuse Rehabil
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Background: Many studies indicate that high and multiple doses of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) for athletic enhancement can result in serious and irreversible adverse effects. A study that includes laboratory blood testing to evaluate the direct effects of AAS agents among users has not been previously undertaken. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of the use of AAS by athletes and to determine whether AAS use leads to changes in certain blood parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe meninges host a distinct compartment of regulatory T cells that preserves brain homeostasis.
Sci Immunol
January 2025
Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA.
Our understanding of the meningeal immune system has recently burgeoned, particularly regarding how innate and adaptive effector cells are mobilized to meet brain challenges. However, information on how meningeal immunocytes guard brain homeostasis in healthy individuals remains limited. This study highlights the heterogeneous, polyfunctional regulatory T cell (T) compartment in the meninges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacteristics and Associated Risk Factors of Neonatal Sepsis: A Retrospective Study From Saudi Arabia.
Cureus
December 2024
Pharmacology, Ministry of National Guard, AlAhsa, SAU.
Introduction Neonatal sepsis is defined as a systemic illness caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, characterized by hemodynamic abnormalities and clinical findings that result in morbidity and mortality. Neonatal morbidity and mortality are significantly influenced by neonatal sepsis. Causative pathogens and antimicrobial sensitivity profiles have changed over time, with significant geographic variation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferences in Brain Volume and Thickness between Shammah (Smokeless Tobacco) Users and Non-Users: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Br J Hosp Med (Lond)
January 2025
Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Previous research has shown that smoking tobacco is associated with changes or differences in brain volume and cortical thickness, resulting in a smaller brain volume and decreased cortical thickness in smokers compared with non-smokers. However, the effects of smokeless tobacco on brain volume and cortical thickness remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of shammah, a nicotine-containing smokeless tobacco popular in Middle Eastern countries, is associated with differences in brain volume and thickness compared with non-users and to assess the influence of shammah quantity and type on these effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGuidelines for the Management of Complications of Diabetes in Saudi Arabia Using Delphi Technique for Consensus Among National Experts.
Clin Pract
December 2024
Saudi National Diabetes Center, Saudi Health Council, Riyadh 13315, Saudi Arabia.
(1) Background: Saudi Arabia has one of the leading cases of diabetes globally, with approximately 27.8% of adults suffering from the disease. Given the negative consequences of diabetes mellitus (DM), it is critical to develop guidelines for its management.
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