Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms have repeatedly been associated with poor cognitive functioning. Genetic studies have demonstrated a shared etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cognitive ability, suggesting a common underlying neurobiology of ADHD and cognition. Further, neuroimaging studies suggest that altered cortical development is related to ADHD. In a large population-based sample we investigated whether cortical morphology, as a potential neurobiological substrate, underlies the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and cognitive problems.
Methods: The sample consisted of school-aged children with data on attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, cognitive functioning and structural imaging. First, we investigated the association between attention-deficit/ hyperactivity symptoms and different domains of cognition. Next, we identified cortical correlates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and related cognitive domains. Finally, we studied the role of cortical thickness and gyrification in the behaviour-cognition associations.
Results: We included 776 children in our analyses. We found that attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms were associated specifically with problems in attention and executive functioning (EF; b = -0.041, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.07 to -0.01, = 0.004). Cortical thickness and gyrification were associated with both attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and EF in brain regions that have been previously implicated in ADHD. This partly explained the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and EF (b = -0.008, bias-corrected 95% CI -0.018 to -0.001).
Limitations: The nature of our study did not allow us to draw inferences regarding temporal associations; longitudinal studies are needed for clarification.
Conclusion: In a large, population-based sample of children, we identified a shared cortical morphology underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and EF.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/jpn.150371 | DOI Listing |
Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being
December 2025
Department of Language and Communication, Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Purpose: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is less diagnosed among Turkish children, and Turkish clients drop out more often from depression treatments than Dutch clients. This article proposes that cultural differences in collectivistic versus individualistic perceptions of getting an ADHD diagnosis and being treated for depression might explain these ethnic disparities, which have been explored in this study.
Methods: Nine focus group discussions with Turkish individuals and 18 interviews with primary mental health practitioners were conducted.
Sleep Med
January 2025
Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Objectives: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often experience sleep problems, exacerbating symptoms, and cognitive deficits. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying such deficits remained unclear. This study aims to use resting-state microstate analysis to investigate the neurophysiological characteristics in children with ADHD and sleep problems and explore whether neurophysiological abnormalities are associated with sleep problems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, UK; and Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
Background: Reliable and specific biomarkers that can distinguish autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) from commonly co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are lacking, causing misses and delays in diagnosis, and reducing access to interventions and quality of life.
Aims: To examine whether an innovative, brief (1-min), videogame method called Computerised Assessment of Motor Imitation (CAMI), can identify ASD-specific imitation differences compared with neurotypical children and children with ADHD.
Method: This cross-sectional study used CAMI alongside standardised parent-report (Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition) and observational measures of autism (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition; ADOS-2), ADHD (Conners) and motor ability (Physical and Neurological Examination for Soft Signs).
BMC Psychol
January 2025
Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, ingång 10, plan, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden.
Background: In Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) the transition from childhood to adolescence encompass changes in symptom manifestation and related challenges. Given the potential negative impact of ADHD on adolescents, and the increased risk for dropping out from treatment, there is a need to understand more about how adolescents experience their condition. The aim of this study was to explore adolescents' perceptions of how it is to live with ADHD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cogn Psychother
January 2025
Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
University students, especially those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), experience distress due to procrastination. However, the existing treatment for adult ADHD does not adequately address procrastination. A brief procrastination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy program was developed for the current study, and its effects on procrastination, depression, and life satisfaction were assessed.
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