The autonomic nervous system is important in regulating blood pressure, but whether it regulates aortic stiffness is more contentious. We conducted 3 studies in young, healthy individuals to address this important question. Study 1 was a cross-sectional study of 347 subjects with detailed measurements of hemodynamics and heart rate variability. In study 2, 9 subjects were given a bolus of intravenous nicotinic ganglion blocker, pentolinium, or saline in a random order and hemodynamics and heart rate variability were assessed before and after. In study 3, changes in hemodynamics and heart rate variability were assessed during stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system with the use of isometric handgrip exercise in 12 subjects. Study 1: aortic pulse wave velocity (P=0.003) was lowest in the subjects with the highest parasympathetic activity, but after adjusting for mean arterial pressure, the effect was abolished (P=0.3). Study 2: after pentolinium, sympathetic and parasympathetic activity fell (P=0.001 for both), mean arterial pressure, and heart rate increased (P=0.004 and P=0.04, respectively), but there was no change in pulse wave velocity in comparison to placebo (P=0.1). Study 3: during handgrip exercise, sympathetic activity (P=0.003), mean arterial pressure (P<0.0001), and aortic pulse wave velocity increased (P=0.013). However, pulse wave velocity adjusted for mean arterial pressure did not change (P=0.1). The main finding of these studies is that in young healthy subjects, the autonomic nervous system does not have a pressure-independent role in the regulation of aortic stiffness. However, these findings may not apply to patients with increased sympathetic tone or hypertension.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08035 | DOI Listing |
Trials
December 2024
Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background: Intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism (PE) carries a significant risk of hemodynamic deterioration or death. Treatment should balance efficacy in reducing clot burden with the risk of complications, particularly bleeding. Previous studies on high-dose, short-term thrombolysis with alteplase (rtPA) showed a reduced risk of hemodynamic deterioration but no change in mortality and increased bleeding complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovasc Revasc Med
December 2024
Department of Cardiology and Catheterization Laboratories, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Okamoto 1370-1, Kamakura City, Kanagawa 247-8533, Japan. Electronic address:
Background/purpose: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with ACURATE neo2 showed better hemodynamic outcomes by mitigating paravalvular leakage (PVL) compared with ACURATE neo, and revealed promising one-year outcomes in single-arm studies. However, studies comparing the hemodynamic and clinical outcomes of the two valves are still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the one-year hemodynamic and clinical outcomes between the neo2 and neo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
December 2024
Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Background: Sedentary behaviour (SB) is detrimental to cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk, which can begin in young adulthood. To devise effective SB-CMD interventions in young adults, it is important to understand which context-specific SB (CS-SB) are most detrimental for CMD risk, the lifestyle behaviours that cluster with CS-SBs and the socioecological predictors of CS-SB.
Methods And Analysis: This longitudinal observational study will recruit 500 college-aged (18-24 years) individuals.
Clin Chim Acta
December 2024
Southwest Finland Wellbeing Services County, Turku University Hospital Services, Geriatric Medicine, 20521 Turku, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Unit of Geriatric Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20700 Turku, Finland.
Background: Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and N-terminal B-type natriuretic propeptide (proBNP) are mainly used as biomarkers to diagnose specific conditions of the heart, but they also have predictive ability. Our aim was to study their associations with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in an older population in non-acute conditions.
Methods: A population-based study with a ten-year follow-up.
Neuropharmacology
December 2024
Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
Although angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) and its role as a part of the "protective" axis of the renin-angiotensin system are well described in the literature, the mechanisms of its angiotensin II-like pressor and tachycardic effects following its acute central administration are not fully understood. It was the aim of the present study to examine which receptors contribute to the aforementioned cardiovascular effects. Ang 1-7 and antagonists for glutamate, GABA, vasopressin, thromboxane A (TP), α-adrenergic, and P2X purinoceptors or modulators of oxidative stress were injected into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) of urethane-anesthetized male Wistar rats.
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