Microdialysis is a validated and well-established technique for recovering and measurement of exogenous as well as endogenous small molecules in the interstitial spaces of various tissues. Microdialysis of large molecular weight compounds has become possible due to the availability of large molecular weight cutoff membranes and is being explored extensively. There are increasing reports of successful recovery of large molecules such as proteins, cytokines, and neuropeptides using microdialysis. This is not only useful for studying protein expression but also for clinical evaluation of disease biomarkers in different tissues. Large pore microdialysis along with open flow microperfusion offers great promise in determining interstitial tissue concentrations of therapeutic proteins including monoclonal antibodies and helps in understanding their pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.016 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Corticostriatal glutamate-mediated dynamic therapeutic efficacy of electroacupuncture in a parkinsonian rat model.
Clin Transl Med
December 2024
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Background: Motor impairments are the defining cardinal features of Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting from malfunction of the cortico-basal ganglia circuit. Clinical data have demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation may benefit motor symptoms in PD without adverse effects. However, the specific effects of EA on PD and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of the potential role of glutamatergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic systems in the dopamine release induced by the pesticide glyphosate in rat striatum.
J Appl Toxicol
October 2024
Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- - Glyphosate (GLY), a pesticide, significantly increases dopamine release in the rat dorsal striatum, potentially affecting dopamine neurotransmission despite the exact mechanisms remaining unclear.
- - The study found that the effects of GLY on dopamine release are primarily mediated by NMDA receptors, as blocking these receptors with MK-801 reduced the effect by up to 74%, while other receptor antagonists showed little to no impact.
- - Additionally, nicotinic receptors also play a role, with mecamylamine (a nicotinic antagonist) decreasing the dopamine release effect of GLY by 49%, indicating that further investigation is needed at environmentally relevant concentrations of the pesticide.
Fluorocitrate inhibition of astrocytes reduces nicotine self-administration and alters extracellular levels of glutamate and dopamine within the nucleus accumbens in male wistar rats.
Neuropharmacology
September 2024
Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. Electronic address:
Emerging evidence suggests an important role of astrocytes in mediating behavioral and molecular effects of commonly misused drugs. Passive exposure to nicotine alters molecular, morphological, and functional properties of astrocytes. However, a potential involvement of astrocytes in nicotine reinforcement remains largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHippocampal excitation-inhibition balance underlies the 5-HT2C receptor in modulating depressive behaviours.
Brain
November 2024
Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
The implication of 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) activity in depression is a topic of debate, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we elucidate how hippocampal excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance underlies the regulatory effects of 5-HT2CR in depression. Molecular biological analyses showed that chronic mild stress (CMS) reduced the expression of 5-HT2CR in hippocampus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Vivo Brain Microdialysis.
Methods Mol Biol
April 2024
Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
Many biological molecules in the brain interstitial fluid are involved in neuronal functions. Therefore, measuring the levels of these molecules in the extracellular fluid would provide deep insights into the physiological/pathological mechanisms underlying brain functions/disorders. In vivo microdialysis is a powerful technique used to examine the extracellular levels of various molecules in the brains of living animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!