The increase in the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may suggest a possible environmental etiology. PM2.5 was declared by IARC a Class I carcinogen. No report has focused on particulate environmental pollution together with AML. The study investigated the presence and composition of particulate matter in blood with a Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with an Energy Dispersive Spectroscope, a sensor capable of identifying the composition of foreign bodies. 38 peripheral blood samples, 19 AML cases and 19 healthy controls, were analyzed. A significant overload of particulate matter-derived nanoparticles linked or aggregated to blood components was found in AML patients, while almost absent in matched healthy controls. Two-tailed Student's t-test, MANOVA and Principal Component Analysis indicated that the total numbers of aggregates and particles were statistically different between cases and controls (MANOVA, P<0.001 and P=0.009 respectively). The particles detected showed to contain highly-reactive, non-biocompatible and non-biodegradable metals; in particular, micro- and nano-sized particles grouped in organic/inorganic clusters, with statistically higher frequency of a subgroup of elements in AML samples. The demonstration, for the first time, of an overload of nanoparticles linked to blood components in AML patients could be the basis for a possible, novel pathogenetic mechanism for AML development.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2016.09.004 | DOI Listing |
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
Background: Varicella can lead to severe complications in immunocompromised children, including those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or chemotherapy. Preventing primary varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is crucial in these populations to mitigate morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the live attenuated MAV/06 varicella vaccine in pediatric patients post-HSCT and post-chemotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
December 2024
Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents one of the most impressive advances in anticancer therapy of the last decade. While CAR T-cells are gaining ground in various B cell malignancies, their use in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains limited, and no CAR-T product has yet received approval for AML. The main limitation of CAR-T therapy in AML is the lack of specific antigens that are expressed in leukemic cells but not in their healthy counterparts, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), as their targeting would result in an on-target/off-tumor toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
Unlabelled: Cytarabine (CTR) is a hydrophilic anticancer drug used to treat leukemia. It suffers from poor permeability and intestinal metabolism, diminishing its oral bioavailability.
Background/objectives: The objective was to develop and evaluate niosomes and bilosomes for enhanced intestinal absorption; hence, oral bioavailability.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
November 2024
Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
The expression of oncogene zinc-finger protein 217 (ZNF217) has been reported to play a central role in cancer development, resistance, and recurrence. Therefore, targeting ZNF217 has been proposed as a possible strategy to fight cancer, and there has been much research on compounds that can target ZNF217. The present work investigates the chemo-preventive properties of cucurbitacin D, a compound with a broad range of anticancer effects, in hematological cancer cells, specifically with regard to its ability to modulate ZNF217 expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
December 2024
Medical Research Institute, The Holy Family Hospital Nazareth, Nazareth 16100, Israel.
Several cannabis plant-derived compounds, especially cannabinoids, exhibit therapeutic potential in numerous diseases and conditions. In particular, THC and CBD impart palliative, antiemetic, as well as anticancer effects. The antitumor effects include inhibition of cancerous cell growth and metastasis and induction of cell death, all mediated by cannabinoid interaction with the endocannabinoid system (ECS).
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