AI Article Synopsis
- Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is caused by eating seafood contaminated with okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins, which can potentially promote cancer in humans.
- The production of these toxins by dinoflagellates is influenced by environmental factors, showing lower toxin levels with low nutrients or extreme temperatures, while certain conditions can enhance both growth and toxin production.
- Research into the mechanisms of biotoxin production is limited, but advanced molecular technologies may help uncover more about this process in the toxin-producing dinoflagellates like Prorocentrum spp.
Article Abstract
Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is a gastrointestinal disorder caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins (DTXs). OA and DTXs are potent inhibitors of protein phosphatases 2A, 1B, and 2B, which may promote cancer in the human digestive system. Their expression in dinoflagellates is strongly affected by nutritional and environmental factors. Studies have indicated that the level of these biotoxins is inversely associated with the growth of dinoflagellates at low concentrations of nitrogen or phosphorus, or at extreme temperature. However, the presence of leucine or glycerophosphate enhances both growth and cellular toxin level. Moreover, the presence of ammonia and incubation in continuous darkness do not favor the toxin production. Currently, studies on the mechanism of this biotoxin production are scant. Full genome sequencing of dinoflagellates is challenging because of the massive genomic size; however, current advanced molecular and omics technologies may provide valuable insight into the biotoxin production mechanism and novel research perspectives on microalgae. This review presents a comprehensive analysis on the effects of various nutritional and physical factors on the OA and DTX production in the DSP toxin-producing Prorocentrum spp. Moreover, the applications of the current molecular technologies in the study on the mechanism of DSP toxin production are discussed.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5086633 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8100272 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Simulation of fluid flow with Cuprophan and AN69ST membranes in the dialyzer during hemodialysis.
Biomed Phys Eng Express
January 2025
Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Av. 1o de Mayo S/N, Santa María las Torres, Campo Uno, 54740 Cuautitlán Izcalli, Edo. de Méx., Cuautitlan Izcalli, Estado de México, 54740, MEXICO.
Hemodialysis is a crucial procedure for removing toxins and waste from the body when kidneys fail to perform this function effectively. This study addresses the need to improve the efficiency and biocompatibility of membranes used in dialyzers. We simulate fluid flow through two types of membranes, Cuprophan (cellulosic) and AN69ST (synthetic), to understand the complex mechanisms involved and quantify key variables such as pressure, concentration, and flow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffector genes of type III secretion system and biofilm formation in virulent isolates carrying and genes in hospital environment.
J Med Microbiol
January 2025
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology (Micromol), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlndia, Uberlndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
In critically ill patients, the occurrence of multidrug-resistant infection is a significant concern, given its ability to acquire multidrug-resistant, form biofilms and secrete toxic effectors. In Brazil, limited data are available regarding the prevalence of dissemination, and the impact of the type III secretion system (T3SS) on toxin production and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of . This study investigates the dissemination of virulent harbouring the and genes, the presence of T3SS genes and their biofilm-forming capability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsoliquiritigenin Protects Against Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice by Inhibiting Advanced Glycation End Product-Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product Axis.
Drug Dev Res
February 2025
Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is a severe diabetic chronic microvascular complication and the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Our study aimed to investigate the effects of isoliquiritigenin (ISL) a natural flavonoid compound on DN and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The db/db mice were received intragastric treatments of ISL (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg), vehicle or positive drug metformin (300 mg/kg) once a day for 12 weeks, and the db/m mice treated with vehicle were used as controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActive Ingredients and Potential Mechanism of Additive Sishen Decoction in Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Network Pharmacology and Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Verification.
Drug Des Devel Ther
January 2025
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, People's Republic of China.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease in which macrophages produce cytokines that enhance inflammation and contribute to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Additive Sishen decoction (ASSD) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of RA; however, its active ingredients and the mechanism of its therapeutic effects remain unclear.
Methods: To predict the ingredients and key targets of ASSD, we constructed "drug-ingredient-target-disease" and protein-protein interaction networks.
CRISPR-Cas9 Cytidine-Base-Editor Mediated Continuous Evolution in .
ACS Synth Biol
January 2025
College of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China.
Filamentous fungi are important cell factories for producing chemicals, organic acids, and enzymes. Although several genome editing tools are available for filamentous fungi, few effectively enable continuous evolution for rational engineering of complex phenotype. Here, we present CRISPR-Cas9 cytidine-base-editor (CBE) assisted evolution by continuously delivering a combinatorial sgRNA library to filamentous fungi.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!