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Microglia heterogeneity during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the mouse retina.
Brain Struct Funct
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Microglia play important roles in maintaining homeostasis and immunoreactive defense in the central nervous system including retina. To accomplish such a wide range of functions, microglia are highly heterogeneous. Dark microglia (DM) were recently identified by electron microscopy (EM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: We have shown that men aged 50 years+ at high risk of type 2 diabetes treated with testosterone together with a lifestyle program reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes at two years by 40% compared to a lifestyle program alone. To develop a personalized approach to treatment, we aimed to explore a prognostic model for incident type 2 diabetes at two years and investigate biomarkers predictive of the testosterone effect.
Design: Model development in 783 men with impaired glucose tolerance but not type 2 diabetes from T4DM; a multicenter, 2-year trial of Testosterone vs placebo.
Dietary Carrageenan Amplifies the Inflammatory Profile, but not Permeability, of Intestinal Epithelial Cells from Patients With Crohn's Disease.
Inflamm Bowel Dis
December 2024
Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Background: The consumption of ultra-processed foods has increased significantly worldwide and is associated with the rise in inflammatory bowel diseases. However, any causative factors and their underlying mechanisms are yet to be identified. This study aimed to further elucidate whether different types of the dietary emulsifier carrageenan (CGN) can alter the permeability and inflammatory state of the intestinal epithelium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHBV-Induced Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms, Correlation With Viral Suppression, and Implications for Treatment.
Liver Int
January 2025
NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.
Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common but underdiagnosed and undertreated health condition and is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. HBV (rated a Grade 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer) drives the transformation of hepatocytes in multiple ways by inducing viral DNA integrations, genetic dysregulation, chromosomal translocations, chronic inflammation, and oncogenic pathways facilitated by some HBV proteins. Importantly, these mechanisms are active throughout all phases of HBV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Role of Exercise in Steatotic Liver Diseases: An Updated Perspective.
Liver Int
January 2025
Depatrtment of Medicine, Karsh Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Background: The increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), parallels the rise in sedentary lifestyles. MASLD is the most common form of steatotic liver disease (SLD), which represents the umbrella beneath which the vast majority of chronic liver diseases fall, including alcohol-related liver disease and their overlap. These conditions are the leading contributors to chronic liver disease, significantly impacting global morbidity and mortality.
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